1. Copyright © 2005 Thomson Business & Professional Publishing. All rights reserved.17–1 Learning Objectives  Describe what a union is and explain why employees join unions.  Identify several reasons for the decline in union membership.  Identify new targets for unions membership

2. Copyright © 2005 Thomson Business & Professional Publishing. All rights reserved.17–2 Brief History of Unions 1886 --AFL is founded by Samuel Gompers 1894-- Pullman Strike is led by Eugene Debs 1902-- United Mine Workers strike in Pa. 1911--Triangle Shirtwaist Co. 1920’s---Depression, blacklisting, strikebreakers 1935---CIO is founded by John L. Lewis 1955---CIO unites with AFL 1950-60---sweetheart union deals 1970-1990---foreign competition, quality matters, membership falls 2005---AFL splits from CIO Present---new membership drive/profile

3. Copyright © 2005 Thomson Business & Professional Publishing. All rights reserved.17–3 Factors Leading to Employee Unionization Figure 17–1

4. Copyright © 2005 Thomson Business & Professional Publishing. All rights reserved.17–4 Union Membership as a Percentage of the Workforce for Selected Countries Figure 17–3

5. Copyright © 2005 Thomson Business & Professional Publishing. All rights reserved.17–5 Unions in the U.S. Union Movement Emphases:  Focused on “bread-and-butter” economic issues— wages, benefits, job security, and working conditions.  Organized by kind of job and employer.  Seek multi-year collective agreements on economic issues as “contracts.”  Maintain competitive relations with management.

6. Copyright © 2005 Thomson Business & Professional Publishing. All rights reserved.17–6 Union Structure (cont’d) Local Union  A union centered around either a particular employer or a particular geographic location. Business Agent  A full-time union official who operates the union office and assists union members. Union Stewart  An employee elected to serve as the first-line representative of unionized employees.

7. Copyright © 2005 Thomson Business & Professional Publishing. All rights reserved.17–7 Union Membership as a Percentage of the U.S. Workforce Figure 17–4 Source: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2004.

8. Copyright © 2005 Thomson Business & Professional Publishing. All rights reserved.17–8 Union Membership by Industry Figure 17–5 Source: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2004.

9. Copyright © 2005 Thomson Business & Professional Publishing. All rights reserved.17–9 Reasons for Union Decline in the U.S. Industrial Changes Industrial Changes Geographic Changes Workforce Changes Declining Union Membership

10. Copyright © 2005 Thomson Business & Professional Publishing. All rights reserved.17–10 Union Targets for Membership Growth Professional Workers Contingent and Part-Time Workers Low-Skill Workers Union Organizing

11. Copyright © 2005 Thomson Business & Professional Publishing. All rights reserved.17–11 Mandatory Bargaining Issues Issues identified specifically by labor laws or court decisions as subject to bargaining. Discharge of employees Grievances Work schedules Union security and dues checkoff Retirement and pension coverage Vacations Christmas bonuses Rest- and lunch-break rules Safety Rules Profit-sharing plans Required physical exam