1. ZHANG JIGUANG (CHINA) RESEARCH WRITING SHOWCASE BY mr.zhang.jiguang@gmail.com LAST VIEWED NEXT SLIDE LAST SLIDE FIRST SLIDE PREVIOUS SLIDE END SHOW Flag of Chinese courtesy of bitcoinmagazine.com

2. Original Input Statement of the Problem & Proposal Methodology of Poster Design Assertion of the Study Timeline & Implementation Strategy References Statement of the Thesis Projected Challenges & Solutions Proposed Poster Design Background & Urgency of the Problem Summary of Theory About one-fifth of the grain produced in China is wasted 21 percent of total food wastage is in restaurants China loses about 82 tones of grain each year (Conservation, 2013)Conservation, 2013 About one-fifth of the grain produced in China is wasted 21 percent of total food wastage is in restaurants China loses about 82 tones of grain each year (Conservation, 2013)Conservation, 2013 Cognitive dissonance theory is a communication theory adopted from social psychology. proposed that human beings have inner strength to manage their attitude and behavior to avoid disharmony (McLeod, 2008).McLeod, 2008. Cognitive dissonance theory is a communication theory adopted from social psychology. proposed that human beings have inner strength to manage their attitude and behavior to avoid disharmony (McLeod, 2008).McLeod, 2008. Although Cognitive Dissonance Theory has been used before to improve the efficiency of learning (Aimeur, 1998). in this proposal, this theory is used for the first time to reduce the food wastage in China.Aimeur, 1998 Although Cognitive Dissonance Theory has been used before to improve the efficiency of learning (Aimeur, 1998). in this proposal, this theory is used for the first time to reduce the food wastage in China.Aimeur, 1998 In three weeks, I will create an A3 seize instruction poster which contains 7 pictures found from internet and explained in Chinese and English by me for the 20 restaurants’ owners in Lanzhou, China to reduce (Conservation, 2013, para 3) the food wastage (UNEP, n.d., para 1) by 10% by learning (McLeod, 2008, para 6) 1 way on a poster in 3 days.Conservation, 2013, para 3UNEP, n.d., para 1McLeod, 2008, para 6 In three weeks, I will create an A3 seize instruction poster which contains 7 pictures found from internet and explained in Chinese and English by me for the 20 restaurants’ owners in Lanzhou, China to reduce (Conservation, 2013, para 3) the food wastage (UNEP, n.d., para 1) by 10% by learning (McLeod, 2008, para 6) 1 way on a poster in 3 days.Conservation, 2013, para 3UNEP, n.d., para 1McLeod, 2008, para 6 Three main reasons which cause food wastage are identified. Recommended three methods with effectiveness to reduce food wastage. The three method are verified with the cooperation of 10 restaurants owners. Search adequate pictures for both reasons and methods then put them on the poster. The poster is re-produced and distributed in each restaurants. Three main reasons which cause food wastage are identified. Recommended three methods with effectiveness to reduce food wastage. The three method are verified with the cooperation of 10 restaurants owners. Search adequate pictures for both reasons and methods then put them on the poster. The poster is re-produced and distributed in each restaurants. 20 restaurants’ owners in Lanzhou, China can learn (McLeod, 2008, para 6) 1 way on a poster in 3 days to reduce (Conservation, 2013, para 3) the food wastage (UNEP, n.d., para 1) by 10%.McLeod, 2008, para 6Conservation, 2013, para 3UNEP, n.d., para 1 20 restaurants’ owners in Lanzhou, China can learn (McLeod, 2008, para 6) 1 way on a poster in 3 days to reduce (Conservation, 2013, para 3) the food wastage (UNEP, n.d., para 1) by 10%.McLeod, 2008, para 6Conservation, 2013, para 3UNEP, n.d., para 1 Week 1: Design and production of posters Week 2: Socialization of program goals Week 3: Poster distribution and Implementation Week 1: Design and production of posters Week 2: Socialization of program goals Week 3: Poster distribution and Implementation Aimeur, E. (1998). Application and assessment of cognitive dissonance theory in the learning process. Journal of universal computer science. 4(1). pp 1-2. Retrieved Dec 03, 2013 from http://www.jucs.org/jucs_4_3/application _and_assessment_of http://www.jucs.org/jucs_4_3/application _and_assessment_of Conservation. (2013). China wastes huge amount of food. Retrieved Dec 03, 2013, from http://conservationmagazine.org/2013/09 /china-wastes-huge-amounts-of-food/. http://conservationmagazine.org/2013/09 /china-wastes-huge-amounts-of-food/ McLeod, S. A. (2008). Dissonance Theory - Simply Psychology. Retrieved Dec 03, 2013, from http://www.simplypsychology.org/cognitiv e-dissonance.html. http://www.simplypsychology.org/cognitiv e-dissonance.html UNEP. (n.d.). Food waste facts. Retrieved Dec 03, 2013, from http://www.unep.org/wed/quickfacts/. http://www.unep.org/wed/quickfacts/ Aimeur, E. (1998). Application and assessment of cognitive dissonance theory in the learning process. Journal of universal computer science. 4(1). pp 1-2. Retrieved Dec 03, 2013 from http://www.jucs.org/jucs_4_3/application _and_assessment_of http://www.jucs.org/jucs_4_3/application _and_assessment_of Conservation. (2013). China wastes huge amount of food. Retrieved Dec 03, 2013, from http://conservationmagazine.org/2013/09 /china-wastes-huge-amounts-of-food/. http://conservationmagazine.org/2013/09 /china-wastes-huge-amounts-of-food/ McLeod, S. A. (2008). Dissonance Theory - Simply Psychology. Retrieved Dec 03, 2013, from http://www.simplypsychology.org/cognitiv e-dissonance.html. http://www.simplypsychology.org/cognitiv e-dissonance.html UNEP. (n.d.). Food waste facts. Retrieved Dec 03, 2013, from http://www.unep.org/wed/quickfacts/. http://www.unep.org/wed/quickfacts/ 20 restaurants’ owners in Lanzhou, China can view, reflect and apply (McLeod, 2008, para 6) 1 way on a poster in 3 days to reduce (Conservation, 2013, para 3) the food wastage (UNEP, n.d., para 1) by 10%.McLeod, 2008, para 6Conservation, 2013, para 3UNEP, n.d., para 1 20 restaurants’ owners in Lanzhou, China can view, reflect and apply (McLeod, 2008, para 6) 1 way on a poster in 3 days to reduce (Conservation, 2013, para 3) the food wastage (UNEP, n.d., para 1) by 10%.McLeod, 2008, para 6Conservation, 2013, para 3UNEP, n.d., para 1 Money worship - Restaurants owners might not willing to spend extra cost to dealing with food wastage. Solution: Search impressive information to persuade them. Indifference– Restaurants owners do not care the food wastage and the results caused. Solution: Showing how food wastage brings bad impact to restaurants owners’ business. Money worship - Restaurants owners might not willing to spend extra cost to dealing with food wastage. Solution: Search impressive information to persuade them. Indifference– Restaurants owners do not care the food wastage and the results caused. Solution: Showing how food wastage brings bad impact to restaurants owners’ business. Zhang Jiguang, No. 8, Zuola Village, Lintan 747500 China (mr.zhang.jiguang@gmail.com) The Application of Cognitive Dissonance Theory as a Method to Reduce Food Wastage in Restaurants in Lanzhou, China: A Proposal G01 SHL1013 Professional English (09 December 2013) Theoretical Application Restaurants owners just throw away the wasted food as a convenient method, after the harms of their action being told then they feel inner unpleasant so that they change the method used to manage wasted food (McLeod, 2008).McLeod, 2008 Restaurants owners just throw away the wasted food as a convenient method, after the harms of their action being told then they feel inner unpleasant so that they change the method used to manage wasted food (McLeod, 2008).McLeod, 2008 About the Author Zhang Jiguang is a Business Administration scholar of Albukhary International University. He is from a peaceful village in north-west of China. Besides, he is also an environmental friendly person who keen to maintain and enhance the condition of living environment. He hopes to improve the situation of food wastage in Lanzhou, China by his effort. 你的抉择，我们的未来 Your Choice, Our Future Image Courtesy of www.5dollardinners.com Image Courtesy of mailstar.net Image Courtesy of sustainablepulse.com Image Courtesy of solidgroundblog.wordpress.com Image Courtesy of www.enterrasolutions.com Image Courtesy of environment.nationalgeographic.com 回收 Recycling 浪费 Wastage 美好明天 Better Future 污染 Pollution 垂危的世界 Worse World 再利用 Utilization Image Courtesy of image.baidu.com

3. 36%36%FF 89% 75% 42% 00% 60% 00% 1.Statement of the Research Problem (1,2,3)123 2.Electronic Research (1,2,3)123 3.Assumptions of the Proposal (1,2,3)123 4.Reference Listing (1,2,3)123 5.Statement of the Thesis (1,2,3)123 6.Letter of Transmittal (1)1 7.Theoretical Background & Application (1)1 8.Summary / Abstract Writing (1)1 9.Methods & Procedures (1)1 10.Projected Problems and Solutions (1)1 SUMMARY ASSESSMENT: PROJECT PROPOSAL LAST VIEWED NEXT SLIDE LAST SLIDE FIRST SLIDE PREVIOUS SLIDE END SHOW

4. 1.1 DETAILS 1.2 THEORY 1.4 REFERENCES 1.3 URGENCY 1.5 ASSUMPTION 1.0 RUBRIC 1.6 THESIS LAST VIEWED NEXT SLIDE LAST SLIDE FIRST SLIDE PREVIOUS SLIDE END SHOW

5. In three weeks, I will create an A3 size information poster which consists of 6 pictures found from internet and explained in Chinese and English by me for Chinese citizens who show no politeness (Li, 2013, para 1,2) in one day in Gansu Province to learn 3 reasons (Mizhurrah, 2013, para 2) on a poster in one day to show (Halili, 2011, para 6,8) politeness to others by more than twice a day.Li, 2013, para 1,2Mizhurrah, 2013, para 2Halili, 2011, para 6,8 A*ABCPASSFAIL 01. Logic: Easily understood and logically clear meaning 02. Clarity: One complete sentence with no errors 03. Difficulty: A topic that can be at college-level 04. Specific Output: A clear product for grading 05. Viable Output: Doable before deadline 06. Beneficiary: Exactly who will benefit from proposal 07. Urgency: Beneficiary need is convincingly urgent 08. Specific Beneficiary: Beneficiary need is quantified 09. Relevance: What beneficiaries must do to meet needs 10. Objective Concepts: Measurable verbs and nouns 11. Original Input: Use of elements of originality 12. Proof (Bonus): Use of authoritative support G01ZHANG JIGUANG #01 Mr. Jaime05-Dec-13 P OLITENESS THEORY AND SHOW POLITENESS TO OTHERS LAST VIEWED NEXT SLIDE LAST SLIDE FIRST SLIDE PREVIOUS SLIDE END SHOW

6. Key Words Match 1.1.1 DETAILS

7. Hyperlink Title Paragraph 2 Author and publish date 1.1.2 DETAILS

8. Key Words New Key Words 1.2.1 THEORY Match

9. Author publish date Title Paragraph 6 Paragraph 8 Hyperlink 1.2.2 THEORY

10. Key Words Match 1.3.1 URGENCY

11. Author and publish date Hyperlink Title Paragraph 1 & 2 1.3.2 URGENCY

12. References Halili. (2011). Examining brown and levinson`s theory of linguistic politeness primarily findings in the indonesian context. Para 6 & 8. Retrieved Dec 02, 2013, from http://spotcorner.wordpress.com/2011/06/09/examining-brown-and- levinsons-theory-of-linguistic-politeness-primarily-findings-in-the- indonesian-context/. http://spotcorner.wordpress.com/2011/06/09/examining-brown-and- levinsons-theory-of-linguistic-politeness-primarily-findings-in-the- indonesian-context/ Li, A. (2013). Why are Chinese tourists so rude? a few sights. Para 1 & 2. Retrieved Nov 19, 2013, from http://www.scmp.com/news/china/article/1251239/why-are- chinese-tourists-so-rude?page=all.http://www.scmp.com/news/china/article/1251239/why-are- chinese-tourists-so-rude?page=all Mizhurrah. (2013). The importance of good manners and politeness in today’s world. Para 2. http://www.studymode.com/essays/The-Importance-Of-Good Manners-And-1446347.html.http://www.studymode.com/essays/The-Importance-Of-Good Manners-And-1446347.html 1.4 REFERENCES LAST VIEWED NEXT SLIDE LAST SLIDE FIRST SLIDE PREVIOUS SLIDE END SHOW

13. From problem statement to assumption In three weeks, I will create an A3 size information poster which consists of 6 pictures found from internet and explained in Chinese and English for Chinese citizens who show no politeness (Li, 2013, para 1,2) in one day in Gansu Province to learn 3 reasons (Mizhurrah, 2013, para 2) on a poster in one day to show (Halili, 2011, para 6,8) politeness to others by more than twice a day.Li, 2013, para 1,2Mizhurrah, 2013, para 2Halili, 2011, para 6,8 Problem Statement Assumption Chinese citizens who show no politeness (Li, 2013, para 1,2) in Gansu Province can learn 3 reasons (Mizhurrah, 2013, para 2) on a poster in one day to show (Halili, 2011, para 6,8) politeness to others by more than twice a day.Li, 2013, para 1,2Mizhurrah, 2013, para 2Halili, 2011, para 6,8 1.5 ASSUMPTION LAST VIEWED NEXT SLIDE LAST SLIDE FIRST SLIDE PREVIOUS SLIDE END SHOW

14. Thesis Statement #1 Assumption: Chinese citizens who show no politeness (Li, 2013, para 1,2) in Gansu Province can learn 3 reasons (Mizhurrah, 2013, para 2) on a poster in one day to show (Halili, 2011, para 6,8) politeness to others by more than twice a day.Li, 2013, para 1,2Mizhurrah, 2013, para 2Halili, 2011, para 6,8 Thesis: Chinese citizens who show no politeness (Li, 2013, para 1,2) in Gansu Province can learn individual, social and environmental reasons (Mizhurrah, 2013, para 2) on a poster in one day to show (Halili, 2011, para 6,8) politeness to others by more than twice a day.Li, 2013, para 1,2Mizhurrah, 2013, para 2Halili, 2011, para 6,8 LAST VIEWED NEXT SLIDE LAST SLIDE FIRST SLIDE PREVIOUS SLIDE END SHOW 2.6.1 THESIS

15. Thesis Statement #1 Assumption: Chinese citizens who show no politeness (Li, 2013, para 1,2) in Gansu Province can learn 3 reasons (Mizhurrah, 2013, para 2) on a poster in one day to show (Halili, 2011, para 6,8) politeness to others by more than twice a day.Li, 2013, para 1,2Mizhurrah, 2013, para 2Halili, 2011, para 6,8 Thesis: Chinese citizens who show no politeness (Li, 2013, para 1,2) in Gansu Province can learn 3 reasons (Mizhurrah, 2013, para 2) on a poster in one day to show (Halili, 2011, para 6,8) politeness with smiles, gestures and eye contacts to others by more than twice a day.Li, 2013, para 1,2Mizhurrah, 2013, para 2Halili, 2011, para 6,8 LAST VIEWED NEXT SLIDE LAST SLIDE FIRST SLIDE PREVIOUS SLIDE END SHOW 2.6.2 THESIS

16. 2.1 DETAILS 2.2 THEORY 2.4 REFERENCES 2.3 URGENCY 2.5 ASSUMPTION Change “Topic Sentence” to “Assumption” 2.0 RUBRIC 2.6 THESIS LAST VIEWED NEXT SLIDE LAST SLIDE FIRST SLIDE PREVIOUS SLIDE END SHOW

17. In three weeks, I will create an A3 seize instruction poster which contains 7 pictures found from internet and explained in Chinese and English by me for 20 restaurants’ owners in Lanzhou, China to reduce (Conservation, 2013, para 3) the food wastage (UNEP, n.d., para 1) by 10% by learning (McLeod, 2008, para 6) 1 way on a poster in 3 days.Conservation, 2013, para 3UNEP, n.d., para 1McLeod, 2008, para 6 A*ABCPASSFAIL 01. Logic: Easily understood and logically clear meaning 02. Clarity: One complete sentence with no errors 03. Difficulty: A topic that can be at college-level 04. Specific Output: A clear product for grading 05. Viable Output: Doable before deadline 06. Beneficiary: Exactly who will benefit from proposal 07. Urgency: Beneficiary need is convincingly urgent 08. Specific Beneficiary: Beneficiary need is quantified 09. Relevance: What beneficiaries must do to meet needs 10. Objective Concepts: Measurable verbs and nouns 11. Original Input: Use of elements of originality 12. Proof (Bonus): Use of authoritative support G01ZHANG JIGUANG #01 Mr. Jaime05-Dec-13 LAST VIEWED NEXT SLIDE LAST SLIDE FIRST SLIDE PREVIOUS SLIDE END SHOW T HE A PPLICATION OF C OGNITIVE D ISSONANCE T HEORY AS A M ETHOD TO R EDUCE F OOD W ASTAGE

18. Key Words Match 2.1.1 DETAILS

19. Hyperlink Title Paragraph 1 Publisher 2.1.2 DETAILS

20. Key Words Match 2.2.1 Urgency

21. Hyperlink Title Paragraph 3 Written date & author 2.2.2 Urgency

22. Key Words Match 2.3.1 Urgency

23. Hyperlink Publisher Title Paragraph 3 Publish date 2.3.2 Urgency

24. References UNEP. (n.d.). Food waste facts. Retrieved Dec 03, 2013, from http://www.unep.org/wed/quickfacts/. http://www.unep.org/wed/quickfacts/ McLeod, S. A. (2008). Dissonance Theory - Simply Psychology. Retrieved Dec 03, 2013, from http://www.simplypsychology.org/cognitive-dissonance.html.http://www.simplypsychology.org/cognitive-dissonance.html Conservation. (2013). China wastes huge amount of food. Retrieved Dec 03, 2013, from http://conservationmagazine.org/2013/09/china-wastes-huge- amounts-of-food/.http://conservationmagazine.org/2013/09/china-wastes-huge- amounts-of-food/ 2.4 REFERENCES LAST VIEWED NEXT SLIDE LAST SLIDE FIRST SLIDE PREVIOUS SLIDE END SHOW

25. From problem statement to assumption In three weeks, I will create an A3 seize instruction poster which contains 7 pictures found from internet and explained in Chinese and English by me for 20 restaurants’ owners in Lanzhou, China to reduce (Conservation, 2013, para 3) the food wastage (UNEP, n.d., para 1) by 10% by learning (McLeod, 2008, para 6) 1 way on a poster in 3 days.Conservation, 2013, para 3UNEP, n.d., para 1McLeod, 2008, para 6 Problem Statement Assumption 20 restaurants’ owners in Lanzhou, China can learn (McLeod, 2008, para 6) 1 way on a poster in 3 days to reduce (Conservation, 2013, para 3) the food wastage (UNEP, n.d., para 1) by 10%.McLeod, 2008, para 6Conservation, 2013, para 3UNEP, n.d., para 1 2.5 ASSUMPTION LAST VIEWED NEXT SLIDE LAST SLIDE FIRST SLIDE PREVIOUS SLIDE END SHOW

26. Thesis Statement #1 Assumption: 20 restaurants’ owners in Lanzhou, China can learn (McLeod, 2008, para 6) 1 way on a poster in 3 days to reduce (Conservation, 2013, para 3) the food wastage (UNEP, n.d., para 1) by 10%.McLeod, 2008, para 6Conservation, 2013, para 3UNEP, n.d., para 1 Thesis: 20 restaurants’ owners in Lanzhou, China can view, reflect and apply (McLeod, 2008, para 6) 1 way on a poster in 3 days to reduce (Conservation, 2013, para 3) the food wastage (UNEP, n.d., para 1) by 10%.McLeod, 2008, para 6Conservation, 2013, para 3UNEP, n.d., para 1 LAST VIEWED NEXT SLIDE LAST SLIDE FIRST SLIDE PREVIOUS SLIDE END SHOW 2.6.1 THESIS

27. Thesis Statement #1 Assumption: 20 restaurants’ owners in Lanzhou, China can learn (McLeod, 2008, para 6) 1 way on a poster in 3 days to reduce (Conservation, 2013, para 3) the food wastage (UNEP, n.d., para 1) by 10%.McLeod, 2008, para 6Conservation, 2013, para 3UNEP, n.d., para 1 Thesis: 20 restaurants’ owners in Lanzhou, China can learn (McLeod, 2008, para 6) 1 way on a poster in 3 days, at 2 times a day and 3 days per week to reduce (Conservation, 2013, para 3) the food wastage (UNEP, n.d., para 1) by 10%.McLeod, 2008, para 6Conservation, 2013, para 3UNEP, n.d., para 1 LAST VIEWED NEXT SLIDE LAST SLIDE FIRST SLIDE PREVIOUS SLIDE END SHOW 2.6.2 THESIS

28. In three weeks, I will create an A3 size instruction poster which contains 7 steps and explained in English by me for AiU scholars who have more than 20% mistakes (Rambo, 2006) in their research papers to reduce mistakes (Whitaker, 2009, para 1,3) to not more than 5% in three weeks by following (Businessball.com, n.d., para 18) 7 steps on a poster.Rambo, 2006Whitaker, 2009, para 1,3(Businessball.com, n.d., para 18 A*ABCPASSFAIL 01. Logic: Easily understood and logically clear meaning 02. Clarity: One complete sentence with no errors 03. Difficulty: A topic that can be at college-level 04. Specific Output: A clear product for grading 05. Viable Output: Doable before deadline 06. Beneficiary: Exactly who will benefit from proposal 07. Urgency: Beneficiary need is convincingly urgent 08. Specific Beneficiary: Beneficiary need is quantified 09. Relevance: What beneficiaries must do to meet needs 10. Objective Concepts: Measurable verbs and nouns 11. Original Input: Use of elements of originality 12. Proof (Bonus): Use of authoritative support G01ZHANG JIGUANG #01 Mr. Jaime05-Dec-13 LAST VIEWED NEXT SLIDE LAST SLIDE FIRST SLIDE PREVIOUS SLIDE END SHOW T AXONOMY OF COGNITIVE SKILLS TO REDUCE MISTAKES IN RESEARCH PAPER

29. Key Words Match 3.1.1 DETAILS

30. Hyperlink Title Referred Points Written date Author 3.1.2 DETAILS

31. Key Words Match 3.2.1 THEORY

32. Hyperlink Paragraph 18 Title Publisher 3.2.2 THEORY

33. Key Words Match 3.3.1 URGENCY

34. Paragraph 3 Title Publisher Published date and author Paragraph 1 3.3.2 URGENCY

35. References Whitaker, A. (2009). A step-by-step guide to writing academic papers. Academic writing guide 2010. Retrieved Dec 03, 2013, from www.vsm.sk/Curriculum/academicsupport/academicwritingguide.pdf‎. Rabu, R. (2006). English composition 2. Retrieved Dec 03, 2013, from http://www2.ivcc.edu/eng1002/handout_research_paper_problems.htm. http://www2.ivcc.edu/eng1002/handout_research_paper_problems.htm Businessball.com. (n.d.). Bloom’s taxonomy-learning domains. Retrieved Dec 03, 2013, from http://www.businessballs.com/bloomstaxonomyoflearningdomains.htm. http://www.businessballs.com/bloomstaxonomyoflearningdomains.htm 3.4 REFERENCES LAST VIEWED NEXT SLIDE LAST SLIDE FIRST SLIDE PREVIOUS SLIDE END SHOW

36. From problem statement to assumption In three weeks, I will create an A3 size instruction poster which contains 7 steps and explained in English by me for AiU scholars who have more than 20% mistakes (Rambo, 2006) in their research papers to reduce mistakes (Whitaker, 2009, para 1,3) to not more than 5% in three weeks by following (Businessball.com, n.d., para 18) 7 steps on a poster.Rambo, 2006Whitaker, 2009, para 1,3(Businessball.com, n.d., para 18 Problem Statement Assumption AiU scholars who have more than 20% mistakes (Rambo, 2006) in their research papers can follow (Businessball.com, n.d., para 18) 7 steps on a poster to reduce mistakes (Whitaker, 2009, para 1,3) in their research papers to not more than 5% in three weeks.Rambo, 2006 (Businessball.com, n.d., para 18Whitaker, 2009, para 1,3 3.5 ASSUMPTION LAST VIEWED NEXT SLIDE LAST SLIDE FIRST SLIDE PREVIOUS SLIDE END SHOW

37. Thesis Statement #1 Assumption: AiU scholars who have more than 20% mistakes (Rambo, 2006) in their research papers can follow (Businessball.com, n.d., para 18) 7 steps on a poster to reduce mistakes (Whitaker, 2009, para 1,3) in their research papers to not more than 5% in three weeks.Rambo, 2006 (Businessball.com, n.d., para 18Whitaker, 2009, para 1,3 Thesis: AiU scholars who have more than 20% mistakes (Rambo, 2006) in their research papers can follow (Businessball.com, n.d., para 18) 3 steps of planning, 3 steps of writing and 1 step of revising on a poster to reduce mistakes (Whitaker, 2009, para 1,3) in their research papers to not more than 5% in three weeks.Rambo, 2006(Businessball.com, n.d., para 18Whitaker, 2009, para 1,3 LAST VIEWED NEXT SLIDE LAST SLIDE FIRST SLIDE PREVIOUS SLIDE END SHOW 3.6.1 THESIS

38. Thesis Statement #1 Assumption: AiU scholars who have more than 20% mistakes (Rambo, 2006) in their research papers can follow (Businessball.com, n.d., para 18) 7 steps on a poster to reduce mistakes (Whitaker, 2009, para 1,3) in their research papers to not more than 5% in three weeks.Rambo, 2006 (Businessball.com, n.d., para 18Whitaker, 2009, para 1,3 Thesis: AiU scholars who have more than 20% mistakes (Rambo, 2006) in their research papers can follow (Businessball.com, n.d., para 18) 7 steps on a poster to realize, examine and minimize mistakes (Whitaker, 2009, para 1,3) in their research papers to not more than 5% in three weeks.Rambo, 2006(Businessball.com, n.d., para 18Whitaker, 2009, para 1,3 LAST VIEWED NEXT SLIDE LAST SLIDE FIRST SLIDE PREVIOUS SLIDE END SHOW 3.6.2 THESIS

39. Theoretical Background Theoretical Application Cognitive dissonance theory is a communication theory adopted from social psychology. proposed that human beings have inner strength to manage their attitude and behavior to avoid disharmony (McLeod, 2008).McLeod, 2008 Restaurants owners just throw away the wasted food as a convenient method, after the harms of their action being told then they feel inner unpleasant so that they change the method used to manage wasted food (McLeod, 2008).McLeod, 2008 LAST VIEWED NEXT SLIDE LAST SLIDE FIRST SLIDE PREVIOUS SLIDE END SHOW

40. Summary / Abstract The food wastage in China nowadays is increasingly growing. According to Conservation (2013) that about one-fifth of the grain produced in China is wasted and 21 percent of total food wastage is in restaurants. Therefore, to encourage owners of restaurants in Lanzhou, China to realize the effects of simply throw away the wasted food. In this proposal, Cognitive Dissonance Theory has been applied in a poster to stimulate the restaurants owners to reduce the food wastage by their action. LAST VIEWED NEXT SLIDE LAST SLIDE FIRST SLIDE PREVIOUS SLIDE END SHOW

41. Methods / Procedures Implementation Timeline Three main reasons which cause food wastage are identified. Recommended three methods with effectiveness to reduce food wastage. The three method are verified with the cooperation of 10 restaurants owners. Search adequate pictures for both reasons and methods then put them on the poster. The poster is re-produced and distributed in each restaurants. Week 1: Design and production of posters Week 2: Socialization of program goals Week 3: Poster distribution and Implementation LAST VIEWED NEXT SLIDE LAST SLIDE FIRST SLIDE PREVIOUS SLIDE END SHOW

42. Projected Problems Projected Solutions Money worship - Restaurants owners might not willing to spend extra cost to dealing with food wastage. Indifference– Restaurants owners do not care the food wastage and the results caused. LAST VIEWED NEXT SLIDE LAST SLIDE FIRST SLIDE PREVIOUS SLIDE END SHOW Solution 1: Search impressive information to persuade them. Solution 2: Showing how food wastage brings bad impact to restaurants owners’ business.

43. DedicationDedication About the Writer This is in owner of those beloved environmentalist who strongly care the condition of living in this world. The esteemed environmentalist has done so much in order to improve and make the world a better place. It is sorry that I can only provide my idea and limited knowledge as a student. I hope this proposal can be helpful in saving our life. Zhang Jiguang is a Business Administration scholar of Albukhary International University. He is from a village in north-west of China. Besides, he is also an environment friendly person who keen to maintain and enhance the condition of living environment. He hopes to improve the situation of food wastage in China through proposing applicable solutions such as using theories to solve problem. LAST VIEWED NEXT SLIDE LAST SLIDE FIRST SLIDE PREVIOUS SLIDE END SHOW

44. ReferencesReferences LAST VIEWED NEXT SLIDE LAST SLIDE FIRST SLIDE PREVIOUS SLIDE END SHOW Aimeur, E. (1998). Application and assessment of cognitive dissonance theory in the learning process. Journal of universal computer science. 4(1). pp 1-2. Conservation. (2013). China wastes huge amount of food. Retrieved Dec 03, 2013, from http://conservationmagazine.org/2013/09/china-wastes-huge-amounts-of-food/. http://conservationmagazine.org/2013/09/china-wastes-huge-amounts-of-food/ McLeod, S. A. (2008). Dissonance Theory - Simply Psychology. Retrieved Dec 03, 2013, from http://www.simplypsychology.org/cognitive-dissonance.html. http://www.simplypsychology.org/cognitive-dissonance.html UNEP. (n.d.). Food waste facts. Retrieved Dec 03, 2013, from http://www.unep.org/wed/quickfacts/. http://www.unep.org/wed/quickfacts/

45. LAST VIEWED NEXT SLIDE LAST SLIDE FIRST SLIDE PREVIOUS SLIDE END SHOW Memorandum of Transmittal