1. INTER PERSONAL BEHAVIOUR/ Transactional Analysis

2. Interpersonal Skills/
Facilitation Skills
listening
questioning
language &
communication
using
feedback
conflict handling

3. TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS
TRANSACTIONAL STIMULUS
TRANSACTIONAL RESPONSE
DEFINITION
TA IS CONCERNED WITH :-
ANALYSIS OF SELF AWARENESS
ANALYSIS OF EGO STATES
ANALYSIS OF TRANSACTIONS
SCRIPT ANALYSIS
GAMES ANALYSIS
ANALYSIS OF LIFE POSITIONS
STROKING

4. Eric Berne and Transactional Analysis
A unified system of individual and social psychiatry
Focuses on the individual but also one’s relationship to others
A model for explaining why and how:
People think like they do
People act like they do
People interact/communicate with others

5. ANALYSIS OF SELF AWARENESS JOHARI WINDOW
FEEDBACK
INFORMATION NOT KNOWN TO SELF
INFORMATION KNOWN TO SELF S E L F D I C O U R
OPEN/ARENA
BLINDSPOT
HIDDEN/ CLOSED
UNKNOWN/DARK
INFORMATION KNOWN TO OTHERS
INFORMATION NOT KNOWN TO OTHERS

6. ANALYSIS OF EGO STATES

7. Eric Berne and Transactional Analysis
People have three ego states: parent, adult, child
Parent: when a person thinks, feels & behaves in ways copied from his/her parents
Child: thinking, feeling, behaving as one did as a child
Adult: thoughts, feelings, or behaviors that are a direct result of current happenings
Key point: people shift in & out of these states

8. Transactional Analysis
Transactional Analysis or TA is a way of understanding
… and changing human behavior
… why communication fails and how it can be corrected.
… one to one relationships

9. Transactional Analysis
TA Ego States or Personality Aspects
Parent
Adult
Child

10. Transactional Analysis
Parent… learned to act and feel much as those that raised us.
Parent
Prejudiced Parent…
follows rules, accepts slogans, holds opinions without thinking first of facts.
Nurturing Parent…
Supportive and protective toward others, offers help and guidance.

11. Transactional Analysis
Clues to Someone in Their Parent
… a frown or stern look.
… tone of voice.
… pointing of the index finger.
… arms folded as to say “what are you doing?”
… uses phrases like; “you should,” “you ought to,” “that is right!”
… words such as; sympathizing, punishing. moralizing, judging, giving orders, criticizing.

12. Transactional Analysis
Child… what we were when we were young.
Child
Free Child…
Open to life, spontaneous, filled with the sense of wonder and delight, self centered, aggressive, rebellious, does not consider the consequences of feeling or actions.
Adapted Child…
Polite, sociable, recognizes the rights of others,adapts behavior to suit them, can resent the rights/demands of others, complies grudgingly, feels unsure about themselves, procrastinates .

13. Transactional Analysis
Clues to Someone in Their Child
… smiling, laughing, having fun.
… tone of voice.
… crying, having tantrums, getting into trouble.
… childlike facial expressions.
… uses words/phrases like; “Wow!,” “Gosh!,” “I wish,” “I feel.”

14. Transactional Analysis
Adult… looks at the facts and reasons out the answer -
Adult
… figures things out logically.
… takes responsibility for thoughts, feeling and actions.
… solves problems and makes decisions.

15. Transactional Analysis
Clues to Someone in Their Adult
… straight forward facial expression.
… active listener, eyes blink every 3 to 5 seconds showing attention.
… speaks of probabilities.
… uses phrases like; “In my opinion,” “Based on what I have observed,” “So far the facts seem to indicate.”

16. Ego Portraits
People have favourite, preferred ego state, depicted by larger circle in a diagram
Parent Adult Child P P P A A A C C C

17. Human Interaction Analysis/ ANALYSIS OF TRANSACTIONS
A transaction = any interaction or communication between 2 people
People send and receive messages out of and into their different ego states
How people say something (what others hear?) just as important as what is said
Types of communication, interactions
Complementary
Crossed
Ulterior

18. Intonations: It’s the Way You Say It!
What it means
I was going to take someone else.
Instead of the guy you were going with.
I’m trying to find a reason why I shouldn’t take you.
Do you have a problem with me?
Instead of going on your own.
Instead of lunch tomorrow.
Not tomorrow night.
Placement of the emphasis Why don’t I take you to dinner tonight?

19. Complementary ‘Transactions’
Interactions, responses, actions regarded as appropriate and expected from another person.
Parallel communication arrows, communication continues.
Example 1: #1 What time do you have?
#2 I’ve got 11:15. P P A A C C

20. Complementary ‘Transactions’ cont’d
Example 2:
#1 You’re late again! P P
#2 I’m sorry. It won’t
happen again. A A C C

21. Crossed ‘Transactions’
Interactions, responses, actions NOT regarded as appropriate or expected from another person.
Crossed communication arrows, communication breakdown.
Example 1 #1 What time do you have?
#2 There’s a clock on the wall, why don’t you figure it out yourself? P P A A C C

22. Crossed ‘Transactions’ cont’d
Example 2 #1 You’re late again!
#2 Yeah, I know, I had a flat tyre. P P A A C C

23. Ulterior ‘Transactions’
Interactions, responses, actions which are different from those explicitly stated
Example #1 How about coming up to my room and listening to some music? P P A A C C

24. Script analysis by McClelland
( legitimate roles : claim justifiable)
Prosecutor (who sets rules that are necessary)
Victim (who is eligible but denied job due to discrimination)
Rescuer ( who helps to function effectively)
( il-legitimate roles: falsely claiming )
Prosecutor
Victim
Rescuer

25. Life Positions I’m OK — I’m OK — Positive You’re not OK You’re OK
I’m not OK — I’m not OK —
Attitude toward Oneself
Attitude toward Others
Negative Positive
Positive
Negative

26. STROKES: giving something for acknowledgement
Positive
Negative
Mixed

27. GAME Analysis Game Players Characteristics of psychological game:-
The transaction tend to be repeated
They make sense on superficial or social level
One or more of the transactions is ulterior
TYPES OF GAMES
1st Degree games – minor upset, played socially end up with minor discomfort, socially acceptable
2nd Degree games – more intimate end up w/bad feelings, no permanent irremedial damage arises.
3rd Degree games - usually involve physical injury

28. Transactional Analysis
Very few games have a positive or neutral outcome
In these games, people play one of three positions:
Victim
Persecutor
Rescuer

29. Typical Games Between A shop keeper and a house wife:
“This one is better, but you cannot afford it”
Between A Teacher and a Student:
“This is a good topic, but you cannot handle it.”
Between an Expert and a Candidate:
“What you just said is totally wrong”