2. Forces in Fluids Chapter 13

3. What is pressure? The result of a force acting over a given area. Pressure = Force/Area What label? N/m 2 1 N/m 2 is known as a pascal (Pa)

4. Blaise Pascal 1623-1662 French physicist and mathematician Performed some of the first experiments dealing with pressure

5. Fluid pressure Fluids: a substance that attains the shape of its container. Examples: both liquids and gases. Fluid pressure changes with depth in a column of water and with altitude. Fluid pressure in water does not depend on the volume or weight only the depth.

6. Air Pressure Air pressure at sea level is approx. 101 kPa. Air pressure will decrease with increases in altitude. Examples: flying in a plane, driving in the mountains

7. Pascal’s Principle A change in pressure at any point in a fluid is transmitted equally and unchanged in all directions throughout the fluid

8. hydraulics Uses Pascal’s principle and moving pistons with an enclosed pressurized fluid: Examples: Car brakes, jacks, and loaders

9. Problem: If a force of 30 N is placed on a small piston of a hydraulic device with an area of 2 cm 2, what size of a load can the larger piston lift if the area of the larger piston is 80 cm 2 ?

10. Bernoulli’s principle Swiss scientist 1700-1782 Explained the basis behind airplane flight. As the speed of a fluid increase, the pressure decreases

11. Airplane forces:

12. Why is wing shaped the way it is?

13. Other applications of Bernoulli’s principle:

14. buoyancy The ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object resulting in an APPARENT loss of weight of the object

15. Archimedes Greek mathematician 287-212 B.C. Best known for his theory that the buoyant force on an object is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced

16. Application of buoyancy Ballast tanks in submarines

17. “submarine” fish

18. Assignment: Pages 407-408 1-10, 12, 15, 17, 20, 26, 27 Page 409 1-6