1. The Vietnam War – Causes WIS year 11 IGCSE-be afraid, be very afraid!

2. Background: How did the USA first get involved in Vietnam? Vietnam is in South-East Asia. Vietnam is in South-East Asia. It was part of an old French Colony called Indo-China It was part of an old French Colony called Indo-China During WW2 the Japanese captured it from the French During WW2 the Japanese captured it from the French The Vietnamese resistance was led by the communist Ho Chi Minh (left) The Vietnamese resistance was led by the communist Ho Chi Minh (left) 1945: They resisted the French when they tried to re-establish control 1945: They resisted the French when they tried to re-establish control 1946: War broke out between the two groups 1946: War broke out between the two groups Vietnam was 9000 miles from the USA, yet they decided to get involved by pouring $500 million a year into the French war effort. Vietnam was 9000 miles from the USA, yet they decided to get involved by pouring $500 million a year into the French war effort. Why??? Why???

3. American involvement in Vietnam continued Pressures at home Pressures at home McCarthyism McCarthyism Election issues Election issues Pressures abroad-the Cold War context Pressures abroad-the Cold War context Europe Europe China China Korea Korea Hungary Hungary Berlin Berlin Cuba Cuba

4. Pressures from abroad Pressures from abroad Containment / Domino Theory Containment / Domino Theory Truman (President 1945-53) = “Containment” = Europe Truman (President 1945-53) = “Containment” = Europe Eisenhower (President 1953- 61) = “Domino Theory” = Asia Eisenhower (President 1953- 61) = “Domino Theory” = Asia “You knock over the first one, and what will happen to the last one is the certainty that it will go over very quickly” “You knock over the first one, and what will happen to the last one is the certainty that it will go over very quickly” (South Vietnam > Cambodia > Laos > Thailand > Burma > India > ??? (South Vietnam > Cambodia > Laos > Thailand > Burma > India > ??? Ho Chi Minh responds with a guerrilla campaign against the south. Ho Chi Minh responds with a guerrilla campaign against the south.

5. The Domino Theory Illustrated

6. Discussion point from this work: “To what extent were the USA paranoid about the threat posed by communism after WW2?”

7. (b) Specific causes: 1. The Defeat at Dien Bien Phu a. French defeated at Dien Bien Phu in 1954; a. French defeated at Dien Bien Phu in 1954; b. Geneva Agreement: b. Geneva Agreement: –i. divides Vietnam into a Northern zone (communist – Ho Chi Minh, capital=Hanoi) and a Northern zone (communist – Ho Chi Minh, capital=Hanoi) and a southern zone (democratic – Ngo Dinh Diem, capital=Saigon) a southern zone (democratic – Ngo Dinh Diem, capital=Saigon) –ii. Arranges for elections to take place in both zones.

8. (b) Specific causes: 2. The American reaction SEATO: SEATO: Fearing that the communists would win a massive amount of votes with the Buddhist peasant population who were disgusted by the materialism of the Dinh Diem government, the US Fearing that the communists would win a massive amount of votes with the Buddhist peasant population who were disgusted by the materialism of the Dinh Diem government, the US - refuses to allow these elections to take place - refuses to allow these elections to take place - forms the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) to protect the independence of Vietnam. - forms the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) to protect the independence of Vietnam.

9. Main Task: “Do you think that the USA was justified in interfering in the affairs of Vietnam? Explain your answer”.