1. KingdomFungi 1

2. F u n g i c o m e i n m a n y s h a p e s a n d s i z e s a n d c a n g r o w a l m o s t a n y w h e r e ! ! Mycology 2

3. Characteristics heterotrophic absorption Singled celled multicellular Most reproduce Sexually Asexually Spores eukaryotic Cell wall …chitin 3

4. Bodies made of hyphae (mycelium ) 4

5. 5 Made of Chitin (a carbohydrate)

6. Modes of Nutrition Heterotrophic Absorption Saprotrophs Parasitic 6

7. Three fungal lifestyles: AA f u n g u s t h a t f e e d s o n d e a d o r g a n i c m a t t e r i s a s a p r o t r o p h. FF u n g i t h a t g e t t h e i r n u t r i e n t s f r o m l i v i n g o r g a n i s m s d o s o i n a v a r i e t y o f w a y s b u t c a n b e p u t i n t o t w o b r o a d c a t e g o r i e s. II f t h e r e i s s o m e b e n e f i t t o b o t h t h e f u n g u s a n d t h e o t h e r o r g a n i s m, t h e f u n g i a r e m u t u a l i s t i c. WW h e r e t h e r e i s n o b e n e f i t t o t h e o t h e r o r g a n i s m, t h e f u n g u s i s a p a r a s i t e. 7

8. Cattle, like other some other animals such as goats, deer, and giraffes, have billions of microbes i ii inside their guts which help them digest their food The large microbe is a type of p pp protist. The creature that looks like a tadpole attached to the side of the protist is a f ff fungal spore. The smaller, rod-shaped beasts lining the underside of the protist are b bb bacteria. 8

9. Associations between fungi and plants Mycorrhizae are symbiotic relationships between fungi and plant roots (the term means literally 'fungus root'). Perhaps more than 80% of the species of higher plants have these relationships 9

10. Lichens Mutualistic relationship between a fungus and an algae (or a photosynthetic bacteria).

11. Parasitic fungi Some species are p pp predatory fungi that live in the soil and ensnare animals such as nematodes (roundworms) in a loop of hyphae. Human-Athletes foot, ringworm 1010

12. F u n g i a r e i m p o r t a n t d e c o m p o s e r s i n t h e e n v i r o n m e n t1 Nutrient RECYCLERS

13. Spores Sexual & asexual R e p r o d u c t i v e s t r u c t u r e s 1212 Each spore has the potential to generate another individual of the species.

14. Spores can be spread out (dispersed) by wind, water, & animals.

15. “Sac Fungi” 1313

16. “True Fungi” 1414

17. Mushroom: Purpose=reproduction 1515

18. “Molds and Mildews” 1616

19. Usefulness of Fungi Fungi are valuable e ee economically as a Antibiotics, vitamins various industrially important chemicals, such as Acetone, Enzymes fermentation processes, as in the production of alcoholic beverages, vinegar, cheese, bread dough Extremely important in soil renewal, through the d dd decomposition of organic matter 1717

20. Yeasts single cells, produce daughter cells either by b bb budding or by binary fission the common baker's yeast- Saccharomyces cerevisiae 1818

21. 1919

22. T h e a n t i b a c t e r i a l e f f e c t o f p e n i c i l l i n w a s d i s c o v e r e d b y A l e x a n d e r F l e m i n g i n 1 9 2 9. H e n o t e d t h a t a f u n g a l c o l o n y h a d g r o w n o n a n a g a r p l a t e s t r e a k e d w i t h t h e b a c t e r i u m a n d h a d k i l l e d t h e b a c t e r i u m 20

23. Fairy Rings The mycelium grows in a circle and mushrooms grow on the edges of the mycelium, so the mushrooms grow in a circle! 21 Something COOL.

24. EOCT Questions 22

25. What are the microscopic living threads that make up the body of a fungus? a) Cilia b) Flagella c) Hyphae d) Spores 23

26. Yeasts are a type of a) Algae b) Bacteria c) Fungi d) Protozoan 24