1. Ankle/Lower Leg Anatomy.

3. Bones Name and locate the following bones: Tarsals Metatarsals (5)
Talus
Calcaneus
Cuboid
Cuneiforms (medial, middle, lateral)
Navicular
Metatarsals (5)
Tibia: Medial Malleolus
Fibula: Lateral Malleolus
Phalanges (14)
Tarsals
Talus
Calcaneous
Cuboid
Cuneiforms (medial, middle, lateral)
Navicular
Metatarsals (5)
Phalanges (14)
Proximal
Middle
Distal
Tibia
Medial malleolus
Fibula
Lateral malleolus

7. Joints Name the 8 joints of the ankles: Distal Tibiofibular
Talofibular
Talocrural
Intertarsal
Tarsalmetatarsal
Metatarsalphalangeal
Proximal Interphalangeal
Distal Interphalangeal
Distal Tibiofibular
Talofibular
Talocrural
Intertarsal
Tarsalmetatarsal
Metatarsalphalangeal
Proximal Interphalangeal
Distal Interphalangeal

8. Ligaments Name the ligaments of the ankle: Lateral Medial High
Anterior Talofibular
Calcaneofibular
Posterior Talofibular
Medial
Deltoid
High
Anterior Tibiofibular

9. Ligaments
Medial
Lateral

12. Pulses What are the two pulses in the foot and ankle:
1. Dorsalis pedis
2. tibialis posterior
Dorsalis pedis, tibialis posterior pulse

13. Nerves What nerves innervate the ankle and foot: Medial plantar
Lateral plantar
Deep fibular
Superficial fibular
Medial plantar, lateral plantar, deep fibular, superficial fibular

14. Arches Name the arches in the foot: Longitudinal: Transverse Medial
Lateral
Transverse

15. Bony Landmarks Name 10 bony landmarks of the foot and ankle:
Peroneal Tubercle
calcaneus
medial malleolus,
lateral malleolus
Talar dome
navicular tubercle
head and base of 1st metatarsal
head and base of the 5th metatarsal
sinus tarsi
sesamoid bones
(See Additional Bony Landmark Sheet for More)
Peroneal Tubercle, calcaneus, medial malleolus, lateral malleolus,
Talar dome, navicular tubercle, head and base of 1st metatarsal, head and base of the 5th metatarsal, sinus tarsi, sesamoid bones

16. Terminology: Muscles Origin Insertion Plantarflexion Dorsiflexion
Where muscle originates and attaches to bone
Insertion
Where muscle attaches, usually distally, and where movement occurs
Plantarflexion
Ankle movement in which foot moves toward ground and toes are pointed
Dorsiflexion
Ankle movement in which toes/dorsum of foot moves upwards towards knee

17. Movements of the Ankle Toes: Foot/Ankle: Toes: Foot/ankle: 1.Flexion
2. Extension
3. Abduction/Adduction
Foot/Ankle:
1. Inversion
2. Eversion
3. Plantarflexion
4. Dorsiflexion
Toes:
Flexion
Extension
Ab/adduction
Foot/ankle:
Inversion
Eversion
Plantarflexion
Dorsiflexion

18. Muscles/Tendons Name the muscles of the lower leg and ankle:
Posterior: soleus, gastroc
Anterior: tibilas anterior, extensor hallicus longus, extensor digitorum longus
Medial: Tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallicus longus
Lateral: peroneus longus, peroneus brevis
Tendons: achilles, peroneals
Soleus, gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior, extensor hallicus longus,
Extensor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior, flexoe digitorum longus, flexor hallicus longus, peroneus longus, peroneus brevis
Tendons: achilles, peroneals

19. Attribute Chart- Foot/Lower Leg Muscles: Posterior Group
Critical Thinking Strategies for Diverse Learners
Attribute Chart- Foot/Lower Leg Muscles: Posterior Group
What is the Muscle?
What is the origin? Insertion?
What is the function of the muscle?
Gastrocnemius 
Distal Femur
Calcaneus 
Plantarflexion and flexes knee
Soleus 
Posterior tibia and fibula
Calcaneus
Plantarflexion
Kuzmich, 2009

21. Attribute Chart- Foot/Lower Leg Muscles: Anterior Group
Critical Thinking Strategies for Diverse Learners
Attribute Chart- Foot/Lower Leg Muscles: Anterior Group
What is the Muscle?
What is the origin? Insertion?
What is the function of the muscle?
Tibialis Anterior 
Tibia
Medial cuneiform and 1st Metatarsal
Dorsiflexion and slight inversion
Extensor Hallicus Longus
Fibula
Dorsal surface of big toe
Dorsiflexion and inversion of ankle, extends 1st digit
 Extensor Digitorum Longus
Tibia and Fibula
Dorsiflexion and eversion, extends toes 2-5
Kuzmich, 2009

23. Attribute Chart- Foot/Lower Leg Muscles: Medial Group
Critical Thinking Strategies for Diverse Learners
Attribute Chart- Foot/Lower Leg Muscles: Medial Group
What is the Muscle?
What is the origin? Insertion?
What is the function of the muscle?
Tibialis Posterior 
Posterior Tibia
Navicular, cuneiforms, cuboid/metatarsals 2-4
Plantarflexion and inversion
Flexor Digitorum Longus
Ventral surface of distal phalanges 2-5
Plantarflexion and inversion, flexes toes 2-5
 Flexor Hallicus Longus
Fibula
Ventral surface of 1st distal phalanx 
Plantarflexion and inversion, flexes big toe
Kuzmich, 2009

24. Attribute Chart- Foot/Lower Leg Muscles: Lateral Group
Critical Thinking Strategies for Diverse Learners
Attribute Chart- Foot/Lower Leg Muscles: Lateral Group
What is the Muscle?
What is the origin? Insertion?
What is the function of the muscle?
Peroneus Longus
Fibula
Ventral surface of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform
Eversion and plantarflexion
Peroneus Brevis
Proximal 5th metatarsal
Kuzmich, 2009