1. Clinical Laboratory Studies
Chapter 6

2. Laboratory Testing Peripheral venous blood Body fluids or secretions
Sputum
Pleural fluid
Cerebrospinal fluid
Urine
Feces
Sweat

3. Hematology Cellular Elements 2. Proteins in the Plasma CBC
Platelet count
Reticulocyte count
2. Proteins in the Plasma PT
INR
APTT
WBC - leukocytes
RBC – erythrocytes
Platelets - thrombocytes

5. WBC WBC Differential Granulocytes Lymphocytes Monocytes Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
Lymphocytes
Monocytes

6. WBC Abnormalities Leukocytosis Leukopenia Neutrophilia Neutropenia
Pseudoneutrophilia
Pseudoneutropenia
Left Shift
Eosinophilia
Basophilia
Lymphocytosis
Lymphocytopenia
Monocytosis
Leukemia
Myeloproliferative disorders

7. RBC
Normoblasts
Hematocrit
Hemoglobin
MCV
MCH
MCHC
RDW

8. RBC Abnormalities Anemia Polycythemia Microcytic hypochromic
Normocytic normochromic
Macrocytic
Polycythemia
Primary
Secondary
Spurious

9. Reticulocyte count Sedimentation rate Platelet count
Coagulation studies
Bleeding time
APTT
PT/INR

10. Chemistry Electrolyte Concentrations BUN/Creatinine Enzymes Glucose
Proteins
Lipids
Tumor Markers
Drug Monitoring

11. Electrolyte Concentrations
Sodium (Na+)
Hypernatremia
Hyponatremia
Potassium (K-)
Hyperkalemia
Hypokalemia
Chloride (Cl-)
Hyperchloremia
hypochloremia
Total CO2
Anion Gap
Electrolyte concentration of Sweat

12. Renal Function
BUN
Creatinine

13. Enzymes
AST
ALT
ALP
ACP
LDH CK
Myoglobin
Troponin
Amylase
Lipase

14. Glucose
Hyperglycemia
Hypoglycemia

15. Proteins
Lipids
Tumor Markers
Drug Monitoring

16. Microbiology Normal flora vs sterile areas of the body
Pathogenic organisms
Classification
Culture and Sensitivity
Sputum Collection
Sputum Examination
BAL
Pleural Fluid Examination

17. Urinalysis Appearance Specific gravity pH Protein - proteinuria
Glucose – glucosuria
Ketones
Blood - hematuria
Bilirubin
Urobilinogen
Nitrate
Sediment

18. Histology - Biopsy Cytology Skin Testing Lung tissue Tumors Fluids
Secretions
Skin Testing