2. Seed Germination Laboratory Report: Final Draft: Data Analysis Discussion and Conclusion

3. Revise First Draft! Title Introduction Hypothesis Experimental Design

4. Data Complete Seed Germination Data Table and calculations. Graph class data. For help, see the next slides and go online to www.redwood.org/stewart.

5. Data Analysis in Microsoft Excel 1. Label table and fill in data. 2. Highlight the cell where you want to add a calculation 2.Choose “Insert” and then “Function…” from the menu 3. Select desired calculation(s). (Note: for ‘mean’, select ‘AVG, for standard deviation, select ‘STDEV’). 4. Highlight the cells with the appropriate data to be analyzed Calculations This information is online! There is also an Excel template for the Seed Germ. Exper.

6. Graphing Creating the Graph 1.Highlight data on your data table to appear on the y-axis (the DV). If appropriate, you can also highlight the data for the x-axis (the IV). 2. Select “Insert”…”Chart” from the menu. Follow the steps for creating the appropriate graph. Graphing Standard Deviation (Y Error Bars): 3. Once your graph is created, double click on one of the data points in the graph. 4.Choose tab titled “y error bars” from dialogue box 3.Click on the grid icon next to the window labeled Custom (+). Highlight the cells containing values for standard deviation on your data table. 4.Click on the grid icon next to the window labeled Custom (-). Highlight the cells containing values for standard deviation on your data table. 5.Click O.K. Graph of Quantitative Data This information is online!

7. Graph of Qualitative Data This information is online!

8. Discussion: I.Purpose restated with description of IV and DV. II.Data summarized (especially central tendency and variation) with references to data tables and graphs. Realize that overlapping error bars (standard deviation) indicate less conclusive data. III.Patterns (trends) and anomalies (unexpected results and/or random outliers) in the data identified.

9. Discussion: IV.Explanation: WHY what happened happened explained (trends, anomalies). Research --cited using (Author, Date) format-- and prior knowledge considered in explanation. Refer to cotyledon and other research from Introduction.

10. Discussion: V.The quality of the experiment (problems) considered: effects of constants, controls, and variables. VI. Ideas for improvement proposed. VII.Findings related to the “real world” and research conducted by other individuals. VIII.Thoughtful ideas for further study proposed.

11. Example Data for Discussion What are the trends? What are the anomalies? What is the significance of the error bars? NOTE: Only a small portion of data you should consider in your laboratory report is shown on this graph!

12. Example Data for Discussion What are the trends? No growth if water not right. (Consider WHY--Research!) What are the anomalies? None, really. (Consider WHY -- Research, Lab Notes)! What is the significance of the error bars? No significant difference between light, dark, and control--error bars overlap. (Consider WHY -- Research)! NOTE: Only a small portion of data you should consider in your laboratory report is shown on this graph!

13. I.Purpose concisely re-stated. II.Important findings of the experiment and the most probable explanation for those findings briefly stated. III.Whether the hypothesis supported or refuted by the data stated. Conclusion: References Cited