1. Chapter 11 Parenting Key Terms

2. Parenting –The raising of a child by its parents. Transition to parenthood –The period of time from the beginning of pregnancy through the first few months after the birth of a baby.

3. Oxytocin –A hormone from the pituitary gland during the expulsive stage of labor that has been associated with the onset of maternal behavior in lower animals. Baby blues –Transitory symptoms of depression twenty- four to forty-eight hours after the baby is born.

4. Postpartum depression –Believed to be a result of the numerous physiological and psychological changes occurring during pregnancy, labor, and delivery.

5. Responsiveness –Refers to the extent to which parents respond to and meet the needs of their children. Demandingness –The manner in which parents place demands on children in regard to expectations and discipline.

6. Overindulgence –Giving children too much, too soon, too long- it is a form of child neglect where children are not allowed to develop their own competences. Time out –A noncorporal form of punishment that involves removing the child from a context of reinforcement to a place of isolation for one minute for each year of the child’s age.

7. Developmental-maturational training approach –Views what children do, think, and feel as being influenced by their genetic inheritance. –Although genes dictate the unfolding of a unique person, every individual passes through the same basic pattern of growth. –This pattern includes four aspects of development: motor behavior, adaptive behavior, language behavior, and personal-social behavior.

8. Behavioral approach –Also known as the social learning approach, this is based on the work of B. F. Skinner and focuses on conditioning. Parent effectiveness training –Focuses on what children feel and experience in the here and now—how they see the world.

9. Socioteleological approach –Because children feel powerless in the face of adult superiority, they try to compensate by gaining attention, exerting power, seeking revenge, and acting inadequate.

10. Attachment parenting –Dr. William Sears along with his wife, Martha Sears, developed this approach that focuses on parents connecting with their baby.