1. Chapters 8 & 9 “The New Government Begins” & “The Jefferson Era

2. “President Washington” Read Intro p. 244 Washington took the oath of office as President on April 30, 1789. He was no doubt feeling the __________________. “Setting an Example” Washington set many ____________, or examples for others to follow. In 1796, he decided not to run for a ___________. When the first Congress met in 1789, it created 5 executive departments. The departments of _________, _______ ____________, and the offices of ___________________ and ______________________.

3. Washington chose well-known leaders: ________________ as Secretary of State, ___________________ as Secretary of the Treasury, and __________________ as Secretary of War. These departments made up the President’s _____________. Members of the Cabinet gave Washington advice and directed their departments. By 1796, Washington had weathered many crises. He had kept the nation out of ________ and set it on the path of growth. That year, he published his ___________________ __________. In it, he announced he would ____________. He urged that the United States remain _____________ in its relations with other countries. He warned Americans to avoid becoming involved in ______ _______________. Alliances would pull the U.S. into war.

4. He called on Americans to avoid _______________ ________________. “A Distrust of Political Parties” Most Americans distrusted political parties because they saw how they worked in __________________. They also saw them as a threat to _______________. Parties grew up around __________________________ and ________________________. Over time, rival groups grew up around both men.

5. Chapter 9: “The Jefferson Era”

6. “Republicans in Power” As President, Jefferson believed in the idea of ________________, where the government should play as small a role as possible in economic affairs. Jefferson tried to reduce the role of ______________ in people’s lives. He decreased the size of government departments and cut the ___________________________. He reduced the size of the ___________ and ___________. He kept the ______________________________ on the advice of his Secretary of the Treasury, Albert Gallatin. “Marbury v. Madison” The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, ________________

7. wanted to make the federal government stronger. In 1803 he decided a case that would increase the power of the __________________________. The Republicans refused to accept Marbury and accused Federalists of using unfair tactics to _______ _____________________. Marbury sued Madison. In the case of ____________ _________________, Marshall stated that it was unconstitutional to allow the Supreme Court to decide a case brought against a federal official. The Supreme Court’s decision set an important___________. It gave the Supreme Court ______________________, which allowed the Supreme Court to decide whether laws passed by Congress were Constitutional. Today it is one of the most important powers of the Supreme Court.

8. “The Nation Doubles in Size” In 1804 Jefferson decided to try to buy ___________ from French leader, Napoleon Bonaparte. He wanted to be sure that farmers would always be able to ship their goods through the port. Napoleon wanted money to finance his wars in Europe and surprised American officials by offering all of the _____________________. They agreed to pay the French ________________. Neither nation consulted ___________ ______________living in the region. At his request, Congress approved a treaty making the ___________ ________________.

9. “Lewis and Clark’s Assignment” Americans knew nothing about the Louisiana Territory. In 1803, Congress provided money for a team of explorers to study the new lands. Jefferson chose ___________________ and he asked __________________ to join him. About 50 men made up the band. Jefferson gave Lewis and Clark instructions to record detailed information on climate, wildlife, soil, and _______________. He also wanted them to learn about the __________ _____________ who lived in the Louisiana Territory. He hope that they could be encouraged to ________________ with the Americans. For this reason, he urged Lewis and Clark to be “neighborly, friendly and useful to them.”

10. Section 5: “The War of 1812” Because Britain and France continued to seize American ships and ______________ sailors, the American Congress decided to declare war. They wanted to stand up to foreign countries. The U.S. was not ready for war. The navy had only ____ ships, the army was small and ___ ___________, and many officers knew little about the ____________. The gov’t had to rely on ____ ________ to fight the war. Congress voted to give them ____ acres and _____ in return for their service. Men eagerly enlisted. Because they were ___________, many deserted after a few months.

11. The American declaration of war ___________ the British, who were fighting a war with ___________ of France. They couldn’t spare the troops, but the navy _____________ American ports. Although it was to small to break the blockade, the American navy won stunning victories. Although these victories _____________ Americans, they did little to win the war. The Americans invaded ___________. They thought they would want to get rid of British rule, but they were wrong. The invasion of Canada ________. The tide of war turned when the Americans gained control of ______________.

12. In 1814, Britain and its allies defeated __________. That summer, they came ashore about _____ miles from Washington, D.C. The British quickly scattered the untrained Americans and marched on to the _________. ______________, the First Lady, gathered up important papers and a portrait of ______________ then fled South. She was not there to see the British ________ the President’s mansion and other buildings. The British marched on toward _____________, whose defense depended on _____________. After bombarding the fort all night, the American flag still

13. stood. The British gave up, and soon after __________ _____________ wrote a poem about the bombardment called “_______________________.” Meanwhile, the British prepared to attack _________ __________, the sail up the _______________. ________________ was waiting for the British and included thousands of ______________, many of them expert riflemen. When the British charged the American trenches, more than __________ British fell. Only ____ Americans died. Americans celebrated the ___________________. Americans learned that the battle took place _______

14. after a treaty had been signed. The ______________ _____________ was signed on December 24 1814. It settled nothing.