1. Warm upWarm up  Sentence Correction  Journal: In “History Alive” textbook read pg. 180, section titled “Workers Unite for Better Conditions”.  Question: What is a labor union?  What were their goals?  Where did a lot of a union’s power come from?

2. Unions  Labor unions = Group of workers organized to protect it’s members!  Generally, big business owners HATED unions. Tried to squash them!

4. History of Labor DayHistory of Labor Day  http://www.history.com/videos/history-of-labor- day#history-of-labor-day

5. How did the Pullman Strike end?  Strikers refused to follow injunction and didn’t break up.  Debs and other union leaders were arrested.  Cleveland sent in 2,000 troops to end the strike.  Fighting broke out  Strike was broken and many returned to work.  Pullman died in 1897 – he believed he was still a morally upright man.

6. Working ConditionsWorking Conditions  Long hours, long weeks.  Did NOT have vacation, sick leave, unemployment compensation or workers compensation.  Factories = dirty, poorly ventilated, poorly lit  Repetitive tasks done hour after hour after hour….after hour…  Some women and children had no choice but to work.

7. Child LaborChild Labor  Size allowed them to move in small spaces.  Didn’t have to pay them as much.  Children easier to control.  Forced to forgo education.  http://www.history.com/videos/the-fight-to-end-child- labor#the-fight-to-end-child-labor

8. Labor UnionsLabor Unions  National Labor Union (NLU)  Consisted of 300 local unions in 13 states  Persuaded congress to legalize an eight-hour day for government workers  William Sylvis (founder) encouraged unions to open doors to African Americans and women.  Knights of Labor  Focus on individual workers  Open to all – any race, gender or degree of skill

9. Labor Unions con’tLabor Unions con’t  American Railway Union (ARU)  Eugene V. Debs.  Includes skilled and unskilled workers.

10. Socialism  Government controls business and property and equally distributes wealth.

11. Strikes!  The Great Strike of 1877 – Protesting second wage cut  The Haymarket affair  The Homestead Strike  The Pullman Strike  All were very violent!!

12. Government PressureGovernment Pressure  Employers recruited the government to put down strikes.  Court rulings stated if a strike, picket line or boycott would hurt interstate trade, the state or government would issue and injunction or court order.  Basically making all of that illegal