1. Anatomy & Physiology of the Pig

2. Taxonomy
Order: Artiodactyla: Even toed-ungulates (cattle, sheep, goats, deer, buffalo,etc) vs. Perrisodactyla (odd toed, horses, etc)
Suborder: Suiformes vs. Ruminantia (Ruminants) and Tylopoda (camels)
Family: Suidae (True pigs) vs Tayassuidae
Genera: Sus
Species: scrofa

3. Anatomy of the Hog The anatomy, refers to the external body parts.
Knowing these parts is essential for being able to visually appraise swine.
This aids in being able to identify anatomical correctness

4. What do the parts of the swine’s body consist of?
The parts that we will be looking at, include the following:
Front one-third:
Head, neck, snout jowl, shoulder, knee, pastern, elbow pocket.
Middle one-third:
Back, loin, length of side, underline (belly), Fore flank, rear flank
Rear one-third:
Rump, tail, vulva, ham, hock, dew claw, toe, stifle region of the ham

5. The anatomy of the pig…. Middle one-third Rear one-third
Front one-third

6. The front one third
The importance of the front one-third in the market industry, lies within the following:
The shoulder (Boston Butt and the Picnic Shoulder)
There is also importance placed on minor cuts:
The jowl, feet, and neck bones.

8. What is so valuable in the front one-third?
The picnic shoulder and the Boston Butt comprise the most valuable part.
The ‘quarter’ itself is cut in half to create these cuts.
The Boston Butt, and Picnic Shoulder.
The Jowl and the Front Foot are sold as sort of novelty items.
Such as Pickled Pigs’ feet.

9. The middle one-third
The market importance of the middle one-third consists of:
The loin and the spare ribs, most valuable.
Also the belly is here, used for bacon.

10. So where is the $$$ in the middle one-third?
Well, as with most animals, the loin is pretty valuable.
20 cuts come from this area. Including Canadian Style Bacon, that is eaten on Pizza, an various chops that you may eat.
The Top Roast, the Crown Roast, and the Back Ribs, and the tenderloin comes from this area, as well.
The bacon that you eat for breakfast, comes from the length of side, as does the spareribs.

11. Application
I want you to list three things that you have eaten of Pork origin.
From these three things, I would like for you to list the third of the pig that they came from.
Then I would like for you to list, what the cut is called, and if it is a major resale cut.

12. Why understand pig A&P?
It will open new areas of application of pig biology to benefit humans
It helps you have a conversation with other pig people, veterinarians and scientists
It will help you manage pigs in meaningful ways on farms
Recognize disease states more easily
Obtain blood or other tissue samples

13. Anatomy & Physiology Outline
Anatomical terms
Major bones
Uses for pigs other than for eating
Some terminology
Blood collection
Necropsy

14. Anatomical terms

15. Major bones of the pig

16. a) Temporary teeth I - 3/3 C - 1/1 P - 3/3 M - 0/0 = 14 x 2 = 28
Deciduous
= 14
Permanent
= 22
a) Temporary teeth
I - 3/3  C - 1/1  P - 3/3  M - 0/0 = 14 x 2 = 28
Piglets are born with "needle teeth" which are the deciduous third incisors and the canines
b) Permanent teeth
I - 3/3  C - 1/1  P - 4/4  M - 3/3 = 22 x 2 = 44

17. Tooth Eruption Deciduous Permanent Incisors Birth - 2 weeks
months
Canines
Birth
months
Premolars
2 weeks - 8 month
months
Molars
months

18. Maxillary arcade

19. Mandibular arcade

20. Internal organs Respiratory: Laryngeal diverticulum
Lungs: Right - 4 lobes (cranial, middle, caudal, accessory) Left - 2 lobes (cranial caudal) 
Cardiovascular: Left cardiac notch larger than right 
External jugular in deep. 

21. Internal organs Gastrointestinal: Spiral colon:
Left side Coiled in two directions Ascending colon

22. Uses of pigs other than for eating
Organ donors
As a source of biological materials, ex. Insulin or heparin
As a model for biomedical research
As an organ donor to humans
For entertainment
As pets
As truffle-finders (they are smell experts)

23. Xenotransplantation & Cloning
New pig cloning research promising yet risky, studies indicate
August 17, 2000 Web posted at: 12:57 PM EDT (1657 GMT)
WASHINGTON (CNN) -- Two groups of researchers publishing work in rival scientific journals report similar successes in cloning pigs -- a difficult process that may lead to ways to grow organs in the animals destined for human transplantation.
"The goal here is to reduce the shortage of organs for transplantation and prevent any more needless deaths that arise because people simply don't receive the organ they need," said Dr. Anthony Perry of New York's Rockefeller University.

24. Resources http://biology.ucok.edu/AnimalBiology/pigweb/pig.html