1. DIVISIONS BETWEEN THE NORTH AND SOUTH

2. SOUTHERN CHARACTERISTICS Agrarian “farming” Society: Cash Crops and Plantations Planters controlled political and social institutions Women: Considered second class citizens ** Could not vote, “preach”, own property Decrease in indentured servants, there was a need new source of labor…slavery

3. NORTHERN CHARACTERISTICS Commercial Society (trading etc.) Urban Society Fire, Disease, poverty (b/c of large, diverse population) Large immigrant population Germans, Scots-Irish, Dutch, Jews Women: Second Class citizens (similarity)

4. From Indentured Servants to Slavery… Africans needed to meet labor needs Africans seen as inferior Slave Trade: Triangular Trade and Middle Passage 80-90% worked in the field Slavery in the North: More legal standing than south, but led harsh lives regardless Stono Rebellion…

5. Stono Rebellion The Stono Rebellion is one of the earliest known organized acts of rebellion against slavery in the Americas. On 09/09/1739, South Carolina slaves (approx. 20) gathered at the Stono River (near Charleston) to plan an armed march for freedom. They chanted “liberty” and gathered more slaves (up to 100) as the continued to march. Eventually plantation owners were alerted and the rebellion was stopped.

6. NEW IDEAS… Enlightenment: (or brightening) broadly means the attainment of new wisdom or understanding enabling clarity of perception. Reason and Scientific method used to obtain knowledge Benjamin Franklin believed truth through experimentation and reason ** Among his many creations were the lightning rod, the glass harmonica (musical instrument), the Franklin stove, bifocal glasses, and the medical urinary catheter

7. The Great Awakening The first truly religious movement in the colonies Religious leaders such as George Whitfield and Jonathan Edwards, traveled widely throughout the American colonies, preaching to thousands of followers that Americans needed a spiritual and moral rebirth. It was powerful preaching that aimed to convince listeners of their personal guilt and of their need of salvation through decisive action that included public repentance. The Great Awakening led people to "experience God in their own way" and taught that they were responsible for their own actions. Pulling away from ritual and ceremony, the Great Awakening made religion intensely personal.

8. RELIGIOUS LEADERS George WhitfieldJonathan Edwards

9. BACON’S REBELLION Battle between Native Americans and Frontier Colonists Virginia’s governor, Berkeley, refused aid to the poor settlers Bacon raised an army (poor rabble) to fight the Native Americans Berkeley responded by declaring Bacon’s army illegal Bacon marched on Jamestown – violence erupted – eventually failed OUTCOME Exposed the growing power of former indentured servants Forced the planter class to cling more tightly to power Demonstrated the need for a strong central government and military

11. ARGUMENTS FOR INDEPENDENCE Common Sense written by Thomas Paine 47 page essay written in a pamphlet form –Argued time had come for colonists to declare independence –Independence was America’s destiny –Colonist were a “chosen” people, pioneers of liberty –Chance for a better society, free from tyranny (cruelty or injustice)