1. Results of the environmental assessments with the CCAT-Tool J.P. Lesschen, J. Kros, W. de Vries and B.S. Elbersen Alterra, Wageningen UR CCAT end-user meeting, 16 April 2009

2. Outline MITERRA-Europe model Measures Nitrate Directive Results environmental assessments Final remarks

3. MITERRA-Europe in CCAT tool Cross compliance obligations Changes in management Costs of compliance CAPRI: Market response 1) Changes in cropping shares 2) Change in livestock type/number MITERRA: emissions to: 1) Water 2) Air 3) Soil

4. MITERRA-Europe A tool for integrated assessment of N (C and P) emissions from agriculture in EU-27 at Member State and regional levels (NUTS2) Developed for the European Commission Based on information from CAPRI and RAINS/GAINS Simple/rapid model; uniform approach for EU-27 Scenario analysis Outputs: NH 3, N 2 O and CH 4 emission; N balance, NO 3 leaching and N runoff; P balance and soil carbon stocks

5. MITERRA-Europe Crop production: - Crop type - Cropped area - Management Groundwater & surface waters N inputs: N fertilizer BNF, N deposition Animal production: - Animal species - Animal number - Management N outputs: milk, meat, egg NH 4 + NO 3 - DON N part NH 3 N 2 O NO X N 2 Atmosphere N outputs: harvested crop NH 3 N 2 O NO X N 2 Atmosphere manure feed

6. Nitrate Directive Aims at “to decrease water pollution caused or induced by nitrates from agricultural sources and prevent further such pollution” No more than 50 mg NO 3 /liter in groundwater Applicable in Nitrate Vulnerable Zones (NVZ)

7. Nitrate Directive measures Balanced N fertilizer application Maximum manure N application (170 kg N/ha) Limitation to N application in winter and wet periods Limitation to N application on sloping grounds Manure storage with minimum risk on leaching Appropriate application techniques Buffer zones Growing winter crops

8. Results environmental indicators

9. N leaching baseline N runoff baseline

10. NO 3 concentration in groundwater NO 3 concentration baseline Difference baseline vs 0-compl.

11. Results NH 3 emission NH 3 emission baseline Difference baseline vs 0-compl.

12. Results N 2 O emission N 2 O emission baseline Difference baseline vs 0-compl.

13. Effect of measures

14. Final remarks Cross compliance levels uncertain Only small changes in agricultural activities due to cross compliance Nitrate Directive improved environmental quality In 2005 the compliance levels for the Nitrate Directive are high Efforts to comply are low, thus the easy (except the Netherlands) Balanced fertilization can significantly reduce N emissions (currently only applied in 3 countries)