1. Components of the Plant Body AP Biology Spring 2011

2. Plant Tissue Systems The above ground system: Shoots Consisting of: Stems Leaves Flowers

3. Plant Tissue Systems Stems: Provide support for upright growth increasing the likelihood that leaves will be able to collect sunlight needed for photosynthesis Photosynthetic cells in leaves use the light energy to make sugars

4. Plant Tissue Systems Flowers: Attract pollinators which are often required for seed production

5. Plant Tissue Systems The below ground system: Roots Absorb water and minerals from soil and conduct them to the shoot They store food Anchor and support plant

6. Plant Tissue Systems Plant systems contain three different tissues Dermal tissue systems: covers and protects the plant’s surfaces Ground tissue: makes up the bulk of the plant body Vascular tissue systems: contains two kinds of conducting tissues that distribute water and solutes through the plant body

7. Plant Tissue Systems Plant tissues originate from meristems Meristems: localized regions of self-perpetuating, embryonic cells, retain ability to divide

8. Plant Tissue Systems Apical meristems at the tips of roots and stems is responsible for growth and elongation Descendents of some of these cells will develop into specialized tissues of the elongating root and stem Primary growth: growth originating at root and shoot tip

9. Plant Tissue Systems Lateral meristem tissues are responsible for the increase in diameter of older roots and stems Called secondary growth

10. Eudicots and Monocots Cotyledons: seed leaves, leaf-like structures that form inside seeds as part of the pant embryo Store or absorb food After seed germinates, they wither, and new leaves start to make food by photosynthesis

12. Eudicots and Monocots Monocots: have one cotyledon Include grasses, lilies, irises, palms Usually three floral parts (or multiples of three) Leaf veins usually running parallel with one another One pore or furrow in the pollen grain surface Vascular bundles distributed throughout ground tissue

13. Eudicots and Monocots Eudicots: have two cotyledons True dicots Include common trees and shrubs, except conifers Usually 4 or 5 floral parts (or multiples of 4 or 5) Leaf veins usually in a netlike array Three pores or furrows on pollen grain surface Vascular bundles organized as a ring in ground tissue

14. Eudicots and Monocots Refer to page 495 figure 29.4 for a comparison