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Organic Chemistry: Hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbon prefixes 1 C = meth- 2C = eth- 3C = prop- 4C = but- 5C = pent- 6C = hex- 7C = hept- 8C = oct- 10C = dec-

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Presentation on theme: "Organic Chemistry: Hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbon prefixes 1 C = meth- 2C = eth- 3C = prop- 4C = but- 5C = pent- 6C = hex- 7C = hept- 8C = oct- 10C = dec-"— Presentation transcript:

1 Organic Chemistry: Hydrocarbons

2

3 Hydrocarbon prefixes 1 C = meth- 2C = eth- 3C = prop- 4C = but- 5C = pent- 6C = hex- 7C = hept- 8C = oct- 10C = dec- A ring = cyclo- Hydrocarbon suffixes alkane (single C-C bonds) = -ane alkene (double C=C bonds) = -ene alkyne (triple C=C bonds) = -yne branch = -yl If two or more of the same branch: two = di- three = tri- Naming Hydrocarbons

4 C H H H H Hydrocarbon prefixes 1C = meth- 2C = eth- 3C = prop- 4C = but- 5C = pent- 6C = hex- 7C = hept- 8C = oct- A ring = cyclo- Hydrocarbon suffixes alkane (single C-C bonds) = -ane alkene (double C=C bonds = -ene alkyne (triple C=C bonds = -yne branches = -yl If two or more of the same branch: two = di- three = tri Naming Hydrocarbons: Alkanes

5 C H H H Hydrocarbon prefixes 1C = meth- 2C = eth- 3C = prop- 4C = but- 5C = pent- 6C = hex- 7C = hept- 8C = oct- A ring = cyclo- Hydrocarbon suffixes alkane (single C-C bonds) = -ane alkene (double C=C bonds = -ene alkyne (triple C=C bonds = -yne branches = -yl If two or more of the same branch: two = di- three = tri Naming Hydrocarbons: AlkanesC H H H

6 C H H H Hydrocarbon prefixes 1C = meth- 2C = eth- 3C = prop- 4C = but- 5C = pent- 6C = hex- 7C = hept- 8C = oct- A ring = cyclo- Hydrocarbon suffixes alkane (single C-C bonds) = -ane alkene (double C=C bonds = -ene alkyne (triple C=C bonds = -yne branches = -yl If two or more of the same branch: two = di- three = tri Naming Hydrocarbons: AlkanesC H H H C H H

7 C H H H Hydrocarbon prefixes 1C = meth- 2C = eth- 3C = prop- 4C = but- 5C = pent- 6C = hex- 7C = hept- 8C = oct- A ring = cyclo- Hydrocarbon suffixes alkane (single C-C bonds) = -ane alkene (double C=C bonds = -ene alkyne (triple C=C bonds = -yne branches = -yl If two or more of the same branch: two = di- three = tri Naming Hydrocarbons: AlkanesC H H H C H H C H H

8 C H H H Hydrocarbon prefixes 1C = meth- 2C = eth- 3C = prop- 4C = but- 5C = pent- 6C = hex- 7C = hept- 8C = oct- A ring = cyclo- Hydrocarbon suffixes alkane (single C-C bonds) = -ane alkene (double C=C bonds = -ene alkyne (triple C=C bonds = -yne branches = -yl If two or more of the same branch: two = di- three = tri Naming Hydrocarbons: Alkanes C H H H C H H C H H

9 C H H H Hydrocarbon prefixes 1C = meth- 2C = eth- 3C = prop- 4C = but- 5C = pent- 6C = hex- 7C = hept- 8C = oct- A ring = cyclo- Hydrocarbon suffixes alkane (single C-C bonds) = -ane alkene (double C=C bonds = -ene alkyne (triple C=C bonds = -yne branches = -yl If two or more of the same branch: two = di- three = tri Naming Hydrocarbons: Alkanes C H H H C H H C H H C H H

10 C H H H Hydrocarbon prefixes 1C = meth- 2C = eth- 3C = prop- 4C = but- 5C = pent- 6C = hex- 7C = hept- 8C = oct- A ring = cyclo- Hydrocarbon suffixes alkane (single C-C bonds) = -ane alkene (double C=C bonds = -ene alkyne (triple C=C bonds = -yne branches = -yl If two or more of the same branch: two = di- three = tri Naming Hydrocarbons: Alkanes C H H C H H H C H H C H H C H H

11 C H H Hydrocarbon prefixes 1C = meth- 2C = eth- 3C = prop- 4C = but- 5C = pent- 6C = hex- 7C = hept- 8C = oct- A ring = cyclo- Hydrocarbon suffixes alkane (single C-C bonds) = -ane alkene (double C=C bonds = -ene alkyne (triple C=C bonds = -yne branches = -yl If two or more of the same branch: two = di- three = tri Naming Hydrocarbons: Alkanes C H H H C H H H C H H C H C H

12 Hydrocarbon prefixes 1C = meth- 2C = eth- 3C = prop- 4C = but- 5C = pent- 6C = hex- 7C = hept- 8C = oct- A ring = cyclo-

13 Hydrocarbon prefixes 1C = meth- 2C = eth- 3C = prop- 4C = but- 5C = pent- 6C = hex- 7C = hept- 8C = oct- A ring = cyclo-

14 C H H H Hydrocarbon prefixes 1C = meth- 2C = eth- 3C = prop- 4C = but- 5C = pent- 6C = hex- 7C = hept- 8C = oct- A ring = cyclo- Hydrocarbon suffixes alkane (single C-C bonds) = -ane alkene (double C=C bonds = -ene alkyne (triple C=C bonds = -yne branches = -yl If two or more of the same branch: two = di- three = tri Naming Hydrocarbons: AlkanesC H H H C H H C H H C H H

15 C H H H Hydrocarbon prefixes 1C = meth- 2C = eth- 3C = prop- 4C = but- 5C = pent- 6C = hex- 7C = hept- 8C = oct- A ring = cyclo- Hydrocarbon suffixes alkane (single C-C bonds) = -ane alkene (double C=C bonds = -ene alkyne (triple C=C bonds = -yne branches = -yl If two or more of the same branch: two = di- three = tri Naming Hydrocarbons: AlkanesC H H H C H H C H C H H C H H H

16 C H H H C H H H C H H C H C H H C H H H Hydrocarbon prefixes 1C = meth- 2C = eth- 3C = prop- 4C = but- 5C = pent- 6C = hex- 7C = hept- 8C = oct- A ring = cyclo- Hydrocarbon suffixes alkane (single C-C bonds) = -ane alkene (double C=C bonds = -ene alkyne (triple C=C bonds = -yne branches = -yl If two or more of the same branch: two = di- three = tri Naming Hydrocarbons: Alkanes

17 C H H H C H H H C H H C H C H H C H H H C HH Hydrocarbon prefixes 1C = meth- 2C = eth- 3C = prop- 4C = but- 5C = pent- 6C = hex- 7C = hept- 8C = oct- A ring = cyclo- Hydrocarbon suffixes alkane (single C-C bonds) = -ane alkene (double C=C bonds = -ene alkyne (triple C=C bonds = -yne branches = -yl If two or more of the same branch: two = di- three = tri Naming Hydrocarbons: Alkanes

18 C H H H C H H H C H H C H C H C H H H C H H H Hydrocarbon prefixes 1C = meth- 2C = eth- 3C = prop- 4C = but- 5C = pent- 6C = hex- 7C = hept- 8C = oct- A ring = cyclo- Hydrocarbon suffixes alkane (single C-C bonds) = -ane alkene (double C=C bonds = -ene alkyne (triple C=C bonds = -yne branches = -yl If two or more of the same branch: two = di- three = tri Naming Hydrocarbons: Alkanes

19 C H H H C H H H C H H C H C H C H H H C H H H Hydrocarbon prefixes 1C = meth- 2C = eth- 3C = prop- 4C = but- 5C = pent- 6C = hex- 7C = hept- 8C = oct- A ring = cyclo- Hydrocarbon suffixes alkane (single C-C bonds) = -ane alkene (double C=C bonds = -ene alkyne (triple C=C bonds = -yne branches = -yl If two or more of the same branch: two = di- three = tri Naming Hydrocarbons: Alkanes

20 C H H H C H H H C H H C H C H C H H H C H H H H C H H C H C HH C HH Hydrocarbon prefixes 1C = meth- 2C = eth- 3C = prop- 4C = but- 5C = pent- 6C = hex- 7C = hept- 8C = oct- A ring = cyclo- Hydrocarbon suffixes alkane (single C-C bonds) = -ane alkene (double C=C bonds = -ene alkyne (triple C=C bonds = -yne branches = -yl If two or more of the same branch: two = di- three = tri Naming Hydrocarbons: Alkanes

21 Hydrocarbon prefixes 1C = meth- 2C = eth- 3C = prop- 4C = but- 5C = pent- 6C = hex- 7C = hept- 8C = oct- A ring = cyclo-

22 Hydrocarbon prefixes 1C = meth- 2C = eth- 3C = prop- 4C = but- 5C = pent- 6C = hex- 7C = hept- 8C = oct- A ring = cyclo-

23 Hydrocarbon prefixes 1C = meth- 2C = eth- 3C = prop- 4C = but- 5C = pent- 6C = hex- 7C = hept- 8C = oct- A ring = cyclo-

24 Hydrocarbon prefixes 1C = meth- 2C = eth- 3C = prop- 4C = but- 5C = pent- 6C = hex- 7C = hept- 8C = oct- A ring = cyclo-

25 Hydrocarbon prefixes 1C = meth- 2C = eth- 3C = prop- 4C = but- 5C = pent- 6C = hex- 7C = hept- 8C = oct- A ring = cyclo-

26 Hydrocarbon prefixes 1C = meth- 2C = eth- 3C = prop- 4C = but- 5C = pent- 6C = hex- 7C = hept- 8C = oct- A ring = cyclo-

27 Hydrocarbon prefixes 1 C = meth- 2C = eth- 3C = prop- 4C = but- 5C = pent- 6C = hex- 7C = hept- 8C = oct- 10C = dec- A ring = cyclo- Hydrocarbon suffixes alkane (single C-C bonds) = -ane alkene (double C=C bonds) = -ene alkyne (triple C=C bonds) = -yne branch = -yl If two or more of the same branch: two = di- three = tri- Naming Hydrocarbons

28 More Alkane Practice 1. ethane 2. butane 3. hexane 4. hexane 5. cyclohexane 6. 2-methyl hexane 7. 2-methyl hexane 8. 2,3-dimethyl hexane 9. 3,3-dimethyl hexane

29 Hydrocarbon prefixes 1 C = meth- 2C = eth- 3C = prop- 4C = but- 5C = pent- 6C = hex- 7C = hept- 8C = oct- 10C = dec- A ring = cyclo- Hydrocarbon suffixes alkane (single C-C bonds) = -ane alkene (double C=C bonds) = -ene alkyne (triple C=C bonds) = -yne branch = -yl If two or more of the same branch: two = di- three = tri- Naming Hydrocarbons

30 Naming Alenes and Alkynes 1. C=C 2. C=C-C 3. C=C-C-C 4. C-C=C-C 5. C-C=C=C 6. C=C 7. C-C=C 8. C-C-C=C-C - - -

31 Hydrocarbon prefixes 1C = meth- 2C = eth- 3C = prop- 4C = but- 5C = pent- 6C = hex- 7C = hept- 8C = oct- A ring = cyclo- Hydrocarbon suffixes alkane (single C-C bonds) = -ane alkene (double C=C bonds = -ene alkyne (triple C=C bonds = -yne branches = -yl If two or more of the same branch: two = di- three = tri Drawing Hydrocarbons: Alkanes 2-methyl butane 4-propyl decane hexane 1,3-dimethyl cyclohexane

32 Hydrocarbon prefixes 1C = meth- 2C = eth- 3C = prop- 4C = but- 5C = pent- 6C = hex- 7C = hept- 8C = oct- A ring = cyclo- Hydrocarbon suffixes alkane (single C-C bonds) = -ane alkene (double C=C bonds = -ene alkyne (triple C=C bonds = -yne branches = -yl If two or more of the same branch: two = di- three = tri Drawing Hydrocarbons: Alkanes What's wrong with: 1-methyl propane 3-methyl butane 2-propyl pentane

33 Mini Review: W hat branch of chemistry is concerned with the chemistry of CARBON? How many valence electrons does carbon have? What two elements make up hydrocarbons?

34 Mini Review: W hat branch of chemistry is concerned with the chemistry of CARBON? How many valence electrons does carbon have? What two elements make up hydrocarbons? What's the name of the molecule illustrated? C H H H C H H H C H H C H C H C H H H C H H H H C H H C H C HH C HH

35 C H H H H Hydrocarbon prefixes 1C = meth- 2C = eth- 3C = prop- 4C = but- 5C = pent- 6C = hex- 7C = hept- 8C = oct- A ring = cyclo- Hydrocarbon suffixes alkane (single C-C bonds) = -ane alkene (double C=C bonds = -ene alkyne (triple C=C bonds = -yne branches = -yl If two or more of the same branch: two = di- three = tri Naming Hydrocarbons: Alkenes

36 C H H H C H H H Hydrocarbon prefixes 1C = meth- 2C = eth- 3C = prop- 4C = but- 5C = pent- 6C = hex- 7C = hept- 8C = oct- A ring = cyclo- Hydrocarbon suffixes alkane (single C-C bonds) = -ane alkene (double C=C bonds = -ene alkyne (triple C=C bonds = -yne branches = -yl If two or more of the same branch: two = di- three = tri Naming Hydrocarbons: Alkenes

37 C H H H C H H H C H Hydrocarbon prefixes 1C = meth- 2C = eth- 3C = prop- 4C = but- 5C = pent- 6C = hex- 7C = hept- 8C = oct- A ring = cyclo- Hydrocarbon suffixes alkane (single C-C bonds) = -ane alkene (double C=C bonds = -ene alkyne (triple C=C bonds = -yne branches = -yl If two or more of the same branch: two = di- three = tri Naming Hydrocarbons: Alkenes

38 C H H C H H H C H C H H Hydrocarbon prefixes 1C = meth- 2C = eth- 3C = prop- 4C = but- 5C = pent- 6C = hex- 7C = hept- 8C = oct- A ring = cyclo- Hydrocarbon suffixes alkane (single C-C bonds) = -ane alkene (double C=C bonds = -ene alkyne (triple C=C bonds = -yne branches = -yl If two or more of the same branch: two = di- three = tri Naming Hydrocarbons: Alkenes

39 C H H H C H H H C H C H Hydrocarbon prefixes 1C = meth- 2C = eth- 3C = prop- 4C = but- 5C = pent- 6C = hex- 7C = hept- 8C = oct- A ring = cyclo- Hydrocarbon suffixes alkane (single C-C bonds) = -ane alkene (double C=C bonds = -ene alkyne (triple C=C bonds = -yne branches = -yl If two or more of the same branch: two = di- three = tri Naming Hydrocarbons: Alkenes

40 C H H C H H H C H C H H Hydrocarbon prefixes 1C = meth- 2C = eth- 3C = prop- 4C = but- 5C = pent- 6C = hex- 7C = hept- 8C = oct- A ring = cyclo- Hydrocarbon suffixes alkane (single C-C bonds) = -ane alkene (double C=C bonds = -ene alkyne (triple C=C bonds = -yne branches = -yl If two or more of the same branch: two = di- three = tri Naming Hydrocarbons: Alkenes

41 C H H H C H H C H H C H H C H Hydrocarbon prefixes 1C = meth- 2C = eth- 3C = prop- 4C = but- 5C = pent- 6C = hex- 7C = hept- 8C = oct- A ring = cyclo- Hydrocarbon suffixes alkane (single C-C bonds) = -ane alkene (double C=C bonds = -ene alkyne (triple C=C bonds = -yne branches = -yl If two or more of the same branch: two = di- three = tri Naming Hydrocarbons: Alkenes

42 C H H H C H H C H H C C Hydrocarbon prefixes 1C = meth- 2C = eth- 3C = prop- 4C = but- 5C = pent- 6C = hex- 7C = hept- 8C = oct- A ring = cyclo- Hydrocarbon suffixes alkane (single C-C bonds) = -ane alkene (double C=C bonds = -ene alkyne (triple C=C bonds = -yne branches = -yl If two or more of the same branch: two = di- three = tri Naming Hydrocarbons: Alkenes

43 C H H H C H H C H C H C H H C H Hydrocarbon prefixes 1C = meth- 2C = eth- 3C = prop- 4C = but- 5C = pent- 6C = hex- 7C = hept- 8C = oct- A ring = cyclo- Hydrocarbon suffixes alkane (single C-C bonds) = -ane alkene (double C=C bonds = -ene alkyne (triple C=C bonds = -yne branches = -yl If two or more of the same branch: two = di- three = tri Naming Hydrocarbons: Alkenes

44 C H H H C H H C H C C Hydrocarbon prefixes 1C = meth- 2C = eth- 3C = prop- 4C = but- 5C = pent- 6C = hex- 7C = hept- 8C = oct- A ring = cyclo- Hydrocarbon suffixes alkane (single C-C bonds) = -ane alkene (double C=C bonds = -ene alkyne (triple C=C bonds = -yne branches = -yl If two or more of the same branch: two = di- three = tri Naming Hydrocarbons: Alkenes

45 C H H C H H H C H C H C H H C H H H Hydrocarbon prefixes 1C = meth- 2C = eth- 3C = prop- 4C = but- 5C = pent- 6C = hex- 7C = hept- 8C = oct- A ring = cyclo- Hydrocarbon suffixes alkane (single C-C bonds) = -ane alkene (double C=C bonds = -ene alkyne (triple C=C bonds = -yne branches = -yl If two or more of the same branch: two = di- three = tri Naming Hydrocarbons: Alkenes

46 C H H C H H H C H C H C H H C H H H Hydrocarbon prefixes 1C = meth- 2C = eth- 3C = prop- 4C = but- 5C = pent- 6C = hex- 7C = hept- 8C = oct- A ring = cyclo- Hydrocarbon suffixes alkane (single C-C bonds) = -ane alkene (double C=C bonds = -ene alkyne (triple C=C bonds = -yne branches = -yl If two or more of the same branch: two = di- three = tri Naming Hydrocarbons: Alkenes

47 C H H H C H H C H H C H C H C H H H C HH Hydrocarbon prefixes 1C = meth- 2C = eth- 3C = prop- 4C = but- 5C = pent- 6C = hex- 7C = hept- 8C = oct- A ring = cyclo- Hydrocarbon suffixes alkane (single C-C bonds) = -ane alkene (double C=C bonds = -ene alkyne (triple C=C bonds = -yne branches = -yl If two or more of the same branch: two = di- three = tri Naming Hydrocarbons: Alkenes

48 C H H H C H H C H H C C H C H H H C H H H Hydrocarbon prefixes 1C = meth- 2C = eth- 3C = prop- 4C = but- 5C = pent- 6C = hex- 7C = hept- 8C = oct- A ring = cyclo- Hydrocarbon suffixes alkane (single C-C bonds) = -ane alkene (double C=C bonds = -ene alkyne (triple C=C bonds = -yne branches = -yl If two or more of the same branch: two = di- three = tri Naming Hydrocarbons: Alkenes

49 C H H C H H H C H C H C H C H H H C H H H Hydrocarbon prefixes 1C = meth- 2C = eth- 3C = prop- 4C = but- 5C = pent- 6C = hex- 7C = hept- 8C = oct- A ring = cyclo- Hydrocarbon suffixes alkane (single C-C bonds) = -ane alkene (double C=C bonds = -ene alkyne (triple C=C bonds = -yne branches = -yl If two or more of the same branch: two = di- three = tri Naming Hydrocarbons: Alkenes

50 C H H H C H H H C H H C H C H C H H H C H H H H C C H C HH C HH Hydrocarbon prefixes 1C = meth- 2C = eth- 3C = prop- 4C = but- 5C = pent- 6C = hex- 7C = hept- 8C = oct- A ring = cyclo- Hydrocarbon suffixes alkane (single C-C bonds) = -ane alkene (double C=C bonds = -ene alkyne (triple C=C bonds = -yne branches = -yl If two or more of the same branch: two = di- three = tri Naming Hydrocarbons: Alkenes

51 Hydrocarbon prefixes 1 C = meth- 2C = eth- 3C = prop- 4C = but- 5C = pent- 6C = hex- 7C = hept- 8C = oct- 10C = dec- A ring = cyclo- Hydrocarbon suffixes alkane (single C-C bonds) = -ane alkene (double C=C bonds) = -ene alkyne (triple C=C bonds) = -yne branch = -yl If two or more of the same branch: two = di- three = tri- Naming Hydrocarbons

52 Hydrocarbon Structures Sheet 1. Propane

53 Hydrocarbon Structures Sheet 2. 2-methyl propane

54 Hydrocarbon Structures Sheet 3. 2,2-dimethyl propane

55 Hydrocarbon Structures Sheet 4. 2-methyl butane

56 Hydrocarbon Structures Sheet 5. 4-propyl decane

57 Hydrocarbon Structures Sheet 6. 2, 3, 4-trimethyl heptane

58 Hydrocarbon Structures Sheet 7. 1,3-dimethyl cyclohexane

59 Hydrocarbon Structures Sheet 8. Ethene

60 Hydrocarbon Structures Sheet 9. 1-butene

61 Hydrocarbon Structures Sheet 10. propyne

62 Hydrocarbon Structures Sheet 11. 1-butyne

63 Hydrocarbon Structures Sheet 12. 1,2-dimethyl cyclopropane

64 Hydrocarbon Structures Sheet 13. 3-ethyloctane

65 Hydrocarbon Structures Sheet 14. hexane

66 Hydrocarbon Structures Sheet 15. cyclohexane

67 Structure of hydrocarbons 1. ethane

68 Structure of hydrocarbons 2. propene

69 Structure of hydrocarbons 3. 2 butene

70 Structure of hydrocarbons 4. methane

71 Structure of hydrocarbons 5. ethyne

72 Structure of hydrocarbons 6. 3,3 dimethyl pentane

73 Structure of hydrocarbons 7. 2, 3 dimethyl pentane

74 Structure of hydrocarbons 8. 2-butyne

75 Propertues of alkanes, alkenes and alkynes Al kanes, which are saturated with hydrogen, are unreactive. Alkenes, with at lease 1 double bond, are more reactive. Alkynes, with at least 1 triple bond, are very reactive and aren't found naturally.

76 Fractional distillation

77 Hydrocarbon prefixes 1 C = meth- 2C = eth- 3C = prop- 4C = but- 5C = pent- 6C = hex- 7C = hept- 8C = oct- 10C = dec- A ring = cyclo- Hydrocarbon suffixes alkane (single C-C bonds) = -ane alkene (double C=C bonds) = -ene alkyne (triple C=C bonds) = -yne branch = -yl If two or more of the same branch: two = di- three = tri- Naming Hydrocarbons

78 Hydrocarbon In Class Review.pptx

79

80 Attachments Hydrocarbon In Class Review.pptx

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