1. Force, Motion, Simple Machines and Waves Most Important Info

2. Newton’s Laws 1.An object in motion stays in motion; an object at rest stays at rest UNLESS force acts on it 2.Acceleration of an object depends on its mass and the force applied to it (the heavier something is, the more force it needs to move) 3.Every action has an equal and opposite reaction

3. Measurements Force measured in Newtons (N) Work measured in Joules (J) Power measured in watts (W)

4. Work Work is being done on an object when the direction of force and direction of movement are the same The object MUST MOVE or work hasn’t been done Work = force x distance

5. Power How fast you do work P = Work/Time How much power does a machine have if it does 50J of work in 2 min?

6. Simple Machines 1.Lever: a bar that pivots on a fulcrum ex) hammer, arm, see saw, wheelbarrow 2.Pulley: grooved wheel that holds a rope (fixed or moveable) ex) flagpole 3.Wheel and Axle: a circular wheel that spins around on an axis ex) car, doorknob, any wheel on anything

7. Simple Machines 4. Inclines Plane: straight, slanted surface to help raise a load ex) ramp 5. Wedge: 2 inclines planes together used to cut ex) knife, ax, 6. Screw: an inclined plane that is wrapped around in a spiral used to hold things together

8. Compound Machine 2 or more simple machines put together Ex) can opener (wheel and axle, wedge, lever)

9. Types of Waves 1.Transverse: (moves Perpendicular) 2. Longitudinal: (moves parallel)

10. Types of waves Electromagnetic: transverse wave that does NOT need a medium Mechanical: needs a medium (seismic waves travel through the earth to cause an earthquake)

11. Objects in a wave Move UP and DOWN

12. Parts of a wave 1.Crest: (top) 2.Trough (bottom) 3.Amplitude (middle to the top) 4.Wavelength (crest to crest)

13. Frequency and Wavelength Are opposites! Frequency= how fast the waves are moving Wavelength= distance between waves As frequency increase, wavelength decreases The faster the waves are moving, the less distance is between them