6. WHAT IS RESPIRATION? Respiration is the process by which cells obtain energy from glucose. During respiration, cells break down simple food molecules such as sugar and release the energy they contain. Living things need a continuous supply of energy. Plant cells, as well as animal cells, respire.

7. All animals respire. A lot of people think respiration means breathing - this is not true. Respiration is a chemical reaction. It occurs in every cell in your body. WHAT IS RESPIRATION?

8. So why do people get respiration confused with breathing? Well, respiration usually requires oxygen, and animals get their oxygen by breathing. WHAT IS RESPIRATION?

9. Carbon dioxide being exhaled from frog's lungs

10. All vertebrate animals that live on land have lungs. Frogs and toads have lungs, but when they are in water they can also breathe through their skin. Some animals don't have lungs - fish are the obvious examples. WHAT IS RESPIRATION?

11. During respiration, cells break down simple food molecules such as sugar and release the energy they contain.

12. STORING AND RELEASING ENERGY Cells store and use energy like the way you put money in a savings account to use later when you need it.

13. STORING AND RELEASING ENERGY During photosynthesis, plants capture the energy from sunlight and “save” it in the form of carbohydrates, including sugars and starches.

14. STORING AND RELEASING ENERGY When you eat a meal, you add to your body’s energy savings account. When cells need energy, they “withdraw” it by breaking down the carbohydrates in the process of respiration

15. BREATHING AND RESPIRATION The term Respiration has two meanings. You have probably used the term respiration to mean breathing – moving air in and out of your lungs. Respiration is really a chemical reaction, occurring in every cell in your body. This is called cellular respiration

16. THE TWO STAGES OF RESPIRATION Read the “Two Stages of Respiration” section on page 51. Copy the following sentences and fill in the blanks Respiration is a two stage process: The first stage takes place in the _____________________________ Of the organism’s cells. Molecules of ___________________ are broken down into smaller molecules. ______________ is not involved in this first stage.

17. THE TWO STAGES OF RESPIRATION Read the “Two Stages of Respiration” section on page 51. Copy the following sentences and fill in the blanks Respiration is a two stage process: The second stage of respiration takes place in the _______. Small molecules are broken down into even _______ molecules. These chemical reactions require _______, and they release a great deal of ________. This is why the Mitochondria are called the ___________________ of the cell.

18. THE TWO STAGES OF RESPIRATION Read the “Two Stages of Respiration” section on page 51. Trace the steps in the breakdown of glucose in Figure 7 on page 51. Copy the following sentences and fill in the blanks Note that energy is released in both stages, but the really large amounts of energy are released in stage _____. Two other products of respiration are ______ and _________.

19. THE RESPIRATION EQUATION Read the “Respiration Equation” section on page 51. Write the equation to summarize the overall process of respiration and fill in the blanks. ________________________________________________________ The raw materials for respiration are __________ and ________. While plants make their own sugar, the glucose in the cells of animals and other organisms comes from the _____ they consume. The oxygen used in respiration comes from the ________ or __________ surrounding the organism.

20. COMPARING PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND RESPIRATION

21. DIAGRAM THE PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESPIRATION CYCLE PHOTOSYNTHESISRESPIRATION Organisms use__________________ Organisms Produce_____________ Plants Produce_________________ Plants use__________________

22. FERMENTATION Pages 52-53 Read the paragraph on Fermentation to answer the following question: What is the process in which energy is released without using oxygen? ____________________

23. FERMENTATION Pages 52-53 Read the paragraph on Alcoholic Fermentation to answer the following question: What are the products of alcoholic fermentation? __________________ ______________________________

24. FERMENTATION Pages 52-53 Read the paragraph on Lactic Acid Fermentation to answer the following questions: What is a product of lactic-acid fermentation? ______________ When might your body release energy using fermentation? _______________ _____________

25. For your muscles -- in fact, for every cell in your body -- the source of energy that keeps everything going is called ATP. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the biochemical way to store and use energy.musclescell Exercise and ATP

26. ATP is required for the biochemical reactions involved in any muscle contraction. As the work of the muscle increases, more and more ATP gets consumed and must be replaced in order for the muscle to keep moving. work

27. Exercise and ATP Because ATP is so important, the body has several different systems to create ATP. These systems work together in phases. The interesting thing is that different forms of exercise use different systems, so a sprinter is getting ATP in a completely different way from a marathon runner!