2. 1st 10/5

3. 3rd 10/5

4. 5th 10/5

5. Chapter 11 Medications and Drugs
Lesson 11.1 Medications Lesson 11.2 Drugs Lesson 11.3 Drug Abuse and Addiction

6. Tuesday, October 6 “A” Day

8. Drugs and Medications Practice Team Test
Work with your teammate to see what you already know about Drugs and Medications.
We will assess your answers when everyone has completed the questions.

9. “The Top Ten Myths About Alcohol and Drugs” VIDEO

10. Lesson 11.1
Medications

11. Warm-Up
Drug Use
Give two examples of health problems that would cause people to use prescription drugs.
What are some side effects that drug users might experience?
Can prescription medications be abused like
other drugs, such as cocaine or heroin?

12. Uses for Medications
A medication is a substance used to treat disease or relieve pain
Reasons people use medications
To treat symptoms of an illness
To cure a disease
To manage a disease
To prevent a disease
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13. Food and Drug Administration
After a company tests a new medication, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) must then approve it
The FDA also decides whether a medication should be sold with or without a doctor’s prescription
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14. Over-the-Counter Medications
Sold to people without a doctor’s prescription
Purchased at local stores and pharmacies
Used to treat the symptoms of many relatively minor health conditions
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15. Critical Thinking OTC Medications
What are some commonly used OTC medications with which you are familiar?
Do you use these medications? If yes, for what reasons?
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16. Prescription Medications
Can only be sold to a person with a prescription from a doctor or other licensed healthcare professional
Different types of prescription medications have different functions
Antibiotics: kill or slow growth of bacteria.
Anesthetics: eliminate or reduce pain
Vaccinations: work with the body’s natural immune system to reduce risk of developing an infection or disease.
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17. What are some different methods used to deliver medicine into the body?
Pill, tablet, capsule, or liquid forms can be swallowed
Drops, cream, or gel forms can be applied to a particular part of the body
Transdermal patches can be placed on the skin
Medications can be inhaled into your nose or mouth
Medications can be injected directly into the body

18. Health Risks of Taking Medications
All medications can have side effects
Some medications cause health risks by interacting with other medications, foods, or drinks
People can experience an adverse or allergic reaction to medication
OTC medications may relieve symptoms but not treat the underlying cause of the symptoms
Adverse effects may result from medication misuse

19. Medication Misuse
Involves not following a medication’s instructions.

20. Medication Abuse
The intentional use of medications for purposes other than those intended by the prescribing doctor
Commonly abused prescription medications
Opioids
Depressants
Stimulants
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21. Medication Abuse
Opiates are substances originating from the poppy plant, which contains opium.
Opiods (synthetic opiates) are prescription medications typically prescribed to relieve pain.
Depressants, also called sedatives or tranquilizers, are used to reduce anxiety and increase a person’s ability to relax and stay calm.

22. Medication Abuse
Stimulants are medications used to increase energy, alertness, and attention.
Prescription: ADHD
OTC: energy pills and appetite supressants

23. Side Effects

25. Safe Strategies for Using Medications
Instructions should include the following:
How much of the medication to take
How to take the medication (by mouth, through injection, by inhalation)
How to store the medication
How long to wait before taking more medication
Possible side effects, such as dizziness or drowsiness
Whether you should take this medication with food or drink
Whether this medication interacts with other substances that should therefore be avoided.

26. Drug Facts

27. Carefully reading and following OTC and prescription medication instructions can help you avoid misuse and abuse of medications and reduce health risks. What are some other strategies for using medications safely?
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28. The “Reward Pathway”
Many psychoactive drugs trigger activity along a pathway of cells in the brain called the “reward pathway.”
Brain cells along the activated reward pathway release a chemical called dopamine (DOH puh meen).
The extra dopamine released during drug use can cause the user to ignore the harmful effects of the drug and want to continue using it.
Flooding the reward pathway with dopamine may lead to intense cravings for the drug.
After a time, drug abuse can dull the brain’s reactions to natural levels of dopamine.

29. How Drugs Affect the Brain
Area of the brain’s
“reward pathway”

30. How Drugs Affect the Brain
Area of the brain’s
“reward pathway”

31. How Drugs Affect the Brain
Area of the brain’s
“reward pathway”

32. Addiction Abuse of psychoactive drugs may result in addiction.
Addiction is the compulsive use of a drug, despite any cost to health, family, or social standing.
Addiction is a disease that changes the structure and chemistry of the brain.

33. Dangers of Drug Misuse and Abuse
Drugs can produce powerful changes in the body.
But when drugs are misused or abused, many serious health effects can result.

34. Prescription Drug Abuse

35. Wednesday, April 15 “B” Day

37. Lesson 1 Review List four main reasons people use medications
Which government agency is responsible for making sure medications are safe to use?
What are the three most commonly abused prescription medications?
List three side effects that may occur as a result of stimulant use.

38. Lesson 1 Review Answers
Treat symptoms of an illness, cure a disease, manage a disease, prevent a disease.
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
Opioids, Depressants, Stimulants
Increased blood pressure, increased heart rate, decreased quality of sleep, decreased appetite, apathy, depression

39. The Truth About Drugs
Why do people use drugs?

40. Lesson 11.2
Drugs

41. Drugs
The word drugs refers to substances that cause a physical or psychological change in the body
Most drugs are illegal and can be very dangerous
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42. Marijuana
Marijuana is a drug made up of dried parts of the Cannabis plant
Marijuana is usually smoked as a cigarette or in a pipe
A number of states allow adults with a doctor’s prescription to legally buy and use marijuana
Courtesy of the Drug Enforcement Administration

43. What are some side effects of marijuana use?
Distorted perceptions
Poor coordination
Difficulty thinking and solving problems
Problems with learning and memory
Cardiovascular problems
Respiratory problems

44. Cocaine A white powder that comes from the leaves of a coca plant
Can be snorted, injected, or smoked
Side effects include
Increased heart rate
High blood pressure
Headache
Abdominal pain
Paranoia
Heart attack or stroke
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45. Friday, April 17 “B” Day Drug Facts
Computer Lab to finish “Drug Research Project”

47. Crystal Meth A manufactured form of methamphetamine
Can be smoked, snorted, or injected
Side effects include
Erratic and violent behavior
Homicidal and suicidal thoughts
Severe anxiety and paranoia
Tooth decay and cracked teeth
Courtesy of the Drug Enforcement Administration

48. Bath salts are manufactured drugs that contain a stimulant called methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV). What are some side effects of bath salts?
Paranoia
Chest pains
Headaches
Nausea
Hallucinations
Increased heart rate and blood pressure
Suicidal thoughts
Death

49. Hallucinogens Drugs that change a person’s perception of reality
Drugs that change a person’s perception of reality
LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide)
Mescaline
Psilocybin
PCP (phencyclidine)
MDMA (meth, “Molly” or “ecstasy”)
Courtesy of the Drug Enforcement Administration

50. Heroin
Heroin is an opiate derived from morphine—a substance found in poppy plants
People who use heroin often develop a dependency on the drug
Heroin can have dangerous side effects
Courtesy of the Drug Enforcement Administration

51. 2nd period April 20

52. 4th period April 20

53. 6th period April 20

54. Monday, April 20 “C” Day

56. Spice (“Synthetic Marijuana”)

57. Club drugs have no serious side effects.
Myth or Fact?
Club drugs have no serious side effects.
MYTH
Fact: Depending on the drug, side effects can include memory loss, impaired attention, delirium, intense drowsiness, coma, and death.
Fact: These drugs can also be addictive and have unpleasant withdrawal effects.

58. Anabolic Steroids
Some people use anabolic steroids illegally to help them gain strength and increase muscle size
Using anabolic steroids can cause serious side effects, including stunted growth in adolescents
Courtesy of the Drug Enforcement Administration

59. Inhalants
Chemicals that people breathe in to experience some type of high
Liquids (paint thinners, glue)
Aerosols (spray paints, vegetable oil sprays)
Gases (butane lighters)
Nitrites (butyl and amyl nitrites)
Can cause hypoxia and other serious side effects
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60. The Impact of Drugs on the Brain
Drugs contain chemicals that change the way nerve cells in the brain send, receive, and process information
Many drugs cause the brain to release abnormally large amounts of dopamine
Larger and larger amounts of the drug are required to achieve the same good feelings
This contributes to drug abuse

62. Drug Abuse
People who abuse drugs often experience many negative health consequences
Engaging in unsafe behaviors
Contracting an infectious disease
Being involved in an accident
Overdosing
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63. Critical Thinking Drug Abuse
Besides health problems, what are some other negative consequences of drug abuse?
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64. Can this friendship be saved?
Read through the opening paragraph to get background information on David and Jay.
Take turns at your table group having one person read the scenario to the group.
Have one person be the recorder of your response to: “Why you think their friendship can or cannot be saved.”

65. Drug Abuse and Addiction
Lesson 11.3
Drug Abuse and Addiction

66. Drug Addiction
A chronic disease that involves ongoing use of a drug regardless of harmful effects
Physical addiction: the body requires the drug to function normally
Psychological addiction: feeling an intense need or desire for a drug
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67. Risk Factors for Drug Abuse
A person’s genetic makeup is related to drug addiction
Self-medicating puts people at risk of developing drug addictions
Drug use at an early age makes a person more likely to become addicted
A person’s environment has an impact on his or her attitude toward drugs
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68. Strategies for Refusing Drugs
Knowing how to respond and what to say if someone offers you drugs can help you avoid them
Let others know that you expect them to respect your decision to not try drugs
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69. The Broader Impact of Drugs
The problems of drug abuse negatively impact friends and family
Drug abuse is costly for society
Healthcare costs
Criminal system costs
Unemployment
Homelessness
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70. Prevention of Drug Abuse
Drug addiction is a preventable disease
People who never try drugs cannot abuse them
Educating people about the hazards of drug use can help prevent drug abuse
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71. What types of programs are available to help treat drug abuse and addiction?
Residential treatment programs
Outpatient treatment programs
Skills-training programs
Support groups
Sober living communities

72. Helping Those Addicted to Drugs
Express your concern
Offer to help the person find help
Attend a meeting of a group that provides support to relatives and friends
Give the person the number of a help hotline
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