1. ADJECTIVES & ADVERBS

2. Adjectives are words which say something more about a noun. Adjectives normally precede the nouns they modify, or follow linking verbs. Adjectives modify only nouns, pronouns and linking verbs. Kinds of Adjectives 1. Demonstrative: this, that (singular), these, those (plural) Examples: - This/that exhibition will be open until the end of November. - These/those people come from that hotel over there.

3. 2. Distributive: each, every, either, neither Examples: - Each student should had in the assignment - Neither statement is true 3. Quantitative: some, any, no, little/few, many, much, one, twenty. Examples: - No work was done - There was little time for consultation - Few towns have such splendid trees - He didn’t make many mistakes - This group consists of twenty students

4. 4. Interrogative: which, what, whose, who Examples: - which pigeon arrived first? - what country do you come from? - whose umbrella did you borrow? - who keeps the keys? 5. Possessive: my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their Examples: - A happy dog wags its tail - She changed her shoes - Tom’s father is his father - Tree drop their leaves in autumn

5. 6. Of Quality: clever, dry, fat, golden, good, heavy, square Examples: - He is a clever workman - The day was nice and dry Both present participle(ing) and past particle (ed) can be used as adjectives. Examples: - The play was boring. (present participle) - The idea sounds interesting. (present participle) - Everyone was surprised that he passed the examination. (past participle) - I was disappointed with the film. (past participle)

6. Position of Adjectives a. Adjectives of demonstrative, distributive, quantitative, interrogative and possessive come before their nouns. Examples: - This book is mine - Every human being should fulfill her/his basic needs. - I bought some stamps yesterday - My niece plays the piano very well b. Adjectives of quality, however, can come either before their nouns of after a verb. Examples: - He is a rich man - Tom felt cold

7. Adverbs modify verbs (except linking verbs) Adverbs can also modify adjectives and other adverbs. Example: That idea is simply ridiculous Kinds of Adverbs 1. Adv of Manner : tell us how something happens. There are usually placed after the main verb or after object bravely, fast, happily, hard, quickly, well Examples: - She quickly left the room. - He swims well # Suffix-ly is the most common suffix that changes adjectives into adverbs. #

8. 2. Adv of Place: tell us where something happens. They are usually placed after the main verb or after the object. away, everywhere, here, nowhere, somewhere, there, outside examples: - I looked everywhere (after the main verb) - They took the child outside (after the object) 3. Adv of Time: tell us when an action happened, but also for how long, and how often. afterwards, eventually, lately, now, recently, soon, then, today, tomorrow Examples: - The ship will arrive tomorrow - They were recently married

9. 4. Adv of Frequency: always, continually, frequently, occasionally, often, once, twice, periodically, repeatedly, sometimes, usually, ever, hardly ever, never, rarely, scarcely ever, seldom Examples: - He is always in time for meals - They sometimes stay up all night - He can never understand 5. Adv of Degree: tell us about the intensity or degree of an action, an adjective or another adverb. almost, nearly, quite, just, too, enough, hardly, scarcely, completely, very, extremely. Examples: - It hardly rained at all last summer - She sings well enough

10. Exception Particularly for verbs like look, be, seem, appear, sound, feel, smell, and taste should be followed by adjectives NOT adverbs. Examples: - Your father looks angry - That picture is beautiful - The problem appeared impossible. - My skin feels rough However, the word Look can also be followed by an adverb if this word is used with a preposition such as at, back, into, out, of, round or through Example: - He is looking at you angrily (adjective)