1. DNA Structure and Function 12.1 Function and structure of DNA

2. What does DNA do?  Codes for proteins  How this was discovered  Griffith’s transformation experiment

3. How did viruses confirm this?  Hershey and Chase experiment  Used bacteriophage

4. Review: What is DNA made of?  Nucleotide  Recall three parts  Types  Purines  Pyrimidines  Chargaff’s experiment  Complementary base pairing

5. Review: What is the structure of DNA?  Watson and Crick model  Double helix  Rosalind Franklin

6. What are the specifics of DNA structure?  5’ vs. 3’  Sugar-phosphate background  Hydrogen bonding of bases  Covalent bonding of sugar-phosphate

7. DNA Structure and Function 12.2 DNA Replication

8. What are the basics of DNA replication?  Semiconservative replication  Three stages to replication  Unwinding  helicase  Complementary base pairing  DNA polymerase  Leading vs. lagging (see next slide)  Joining  ligase

9. How do the leading and lagging strands differ?  Leading strand  Lagging strand  Okazaki fragments

10. DNA Structure and Function 12.3 Replication in cells and mutations

11. How does DNA replicate in prokaryotes?  Prokaryotic DNA is circular  Eukaryotic DNA is _______

12. What happens if there is an error in replication?  Mutation  Proofreading  If not corrected  cancer (eventually)  DNA repair enzymes  Thymine dimers