1. Facilitating the Planning Process Forming the Multinational Force (MNF) / Coalition or Combined Task Force (CTF) Deployable Joint Task Force Augmentation Cell (DJTFAC) Multinational Planning Augmentation Team (MPAT)

2. Forming the Multinational Force (MNF) / Coalition or Combined Task Force (CTF) Purpose Purpose Familiarization with the fundamentals of establishing a Multinational Force (MNF) / Coalition or Combined Task Force (CTF) – Terminology and Design – Command and Control – CTF Headquarters Staff and MNF Force Structure References Joint Pub 0-2, Unified Action Armed Forces, 24 Feb 95 JP 3-0, Doctrine for Joint Operations,10 Sep 01 JP 3-16, Doctrine for Multinational Operations JP 3-56 Command and Control Doctrine for Joint Ops, Draft, Apr 97 JP 5-00.2 Joint Task Force Planning Guidance and Procedures, 13 Jan 99 References Joint Pub 0-2, Unified Action Armed Forces, 24 Feb 95 JP 3-0, Doctrine for Joint Operations,10 Sep 01 JP 3-16, Doctrine for Multinational Operations JP 3-56 Command and Control Doctrine for Joint Ops, Draft, Apr 97 JP 5-00.2 Joint Task Force Planning Guidance and Procedures, 13 Jan 99

3. Multinational Operations “ ‘Multinational operations’ is a collective term to describe military actions conducted by forces of two or more nations. Such operations are usually undertaken within the structure of a coalition or alliance” JP 3-16

4. CTF Crisis Action Planning (CAP) Process ISituationDevelopmentISituationDevelopmentIICrisisAssessmentIICrisisAssessmentIVCOASelectionIVCOASelectionVIExecutionVIExecution CAPcrisis action planning COAcourse of action CAPcrisis action planning COAcourse of action DeploymentDeploymentEmploymentEmploymentTransitionTransitionRedeploymentRedeployment Execution IIICOADevelopmentIIICOADevelopmentVExecutionPlanningVExecutionPlanning Form CTF HQ Form CAPCAP CTF should be activated at the earliest possible time – based upon situational factors. AugmentationAugmentation CTF is activated “not later than” beginning of Phase III (earlier is desired) CMDR’s Estimate PlanningPlanning CTF HQ Level

5. Key Terminology u MNF : Multinational Force – “Broad Overarching Term” – Describes the “broader force” and includes the participating Nation’s and Strategic Planning Headquarters (HQs). – The entire organization of nations, participating forces, and support based upon “shared interests”. u Two Types of MNF Operations : – Coalition : Ad-Hoc / Crisis Based (East Timor) (East Timor) – Combined : Alliance / Treaty Based (Example: NATO or UNC / CFC - Korea)

6. Key Terminology (continued) u CTF: Coalition / Combined Task Force – Coalition TF (CTF): Ad-Hoc / Crisis-Oriented – Combined TF (CTF): Alliance / Treaty-Based (predetermined guidelines and / or contingency plans present)

7. Strategic Guidance u Effective Mission Accomplishment by a CTF requires clear and legitimate strategic guidance from a higher headquarters u Sources of Guidance: – Multinational Regional Organization guidance based upon alliance / treaty. – Coalition Multinational Organizational guidance based upon crisis action coordination / collaboration and ad-hoc (non-treaty) actions. – UN Security Council or General Assembly resolution and mandate for multinational military operations (UN authorized or UN lead). – UN Security Council or General Assembly resolution and mandate for multinational military operations (UN authorized or UN lead). – Unilateral Operations by a single country that evolves into a coalition operation or UN operation.

8. Essential Strategic Guidance u Essential Strategic Guidance:  Purpose for MNF Action (purpose for CTF activation)  Broad Mission Statement MNF (CTF)  Broad Objectives for MNF (CTF)  Broad Criteria for termination and transition of MNF Opns  Participating Nations and contribution  Lead Nation for effort and MNF SOP that will be used  Agreement on Collective Security Interests Involved  Specific Diplomatic, Economic, Informational, or Military Limitations, Concerns, Sensitivities

9. “The Realities” Essential Strategic Guidance u Guidance may be initially incomplete or fragmentary due to the complex and rapidly evolving crisis situation u Guidance will require ongoing refinements and adjustments as the crisis evolves u Strategic and CTF commanders / staff need to continually press for updated / refined guidance as required by the situation (never-ending process)

10. Command Relationships “... there should be no mistaking the fact that the greatest obstacles to unity of command during UNOSOM II were imposed by the United States on itself... command arrangements had effectively created a condition that allowed no one to set clear, unambiguous priorities in designing and executing a comprehensive force package.” “... there should be no mistaking the fact that the greatest obstacles to unity of command during UNOSOM II were imposed by the United States on itself... command arrangements had effectively created a condition that allowed no one to set clear, unambiguous priorities in designing and executing a comprehensive force package.” Somalia Operations: Lessons Learned Jan 95, Page 60

11. Command Relationships & Control / Coordination Relationships u Foundation: Two Chains of Command Always Exist – Within the CTF command, each nations’ forces are commanded by TWO separate chains of command: #1: The Respective “NATIONAL” Chain of Command #2: The CTF “MULTINATIONAL” Chain of Command

12. Command Relationship Terms u Command and Control Relationships / Concepts: – Operational Control (OPCON): Command authority to organize and employ forces, assign tasks, designate objectives, and give authoritive direction necessary to accomplish the mission – Tactical Control (TACON): A more restrictive command authority, limited to the detailed control of movements or maneuvers within a give operational area (AO) necessary to accomplish assigned missions or tasks. – SUPPORT: Command authority for support relationships to assist in the coordination and direction of MNF logistical planning, coordination, and control / direction

13. Command Relationships Combatant Command (COCOM) COCOM is one concept of a national command authority at the theater strategic level. COCOM is one concept of a national command authority at the theater strategic level. -The authority to organize and employ a nation’s forces as necessary for mission accomplishment. - Includes all aspects of military operations, joint training, and logistics It is never relinquished to a commander of another nation. Operational Control (OPCON) Perform functions of command: Perform functions of command: ­ Authoritative direction for all military operations & training ­ Organize and employ commands and forces ­ Assign tasks & designate objectives Establish plans/requirements for intelligence activity Establish plans/requirements for intelligence activity Suspend/reassign subordinate commanders Suspend/reassign subordinate commanders Tactical Control (TACON) Local direction and control of movements Local direction and control of movements Typical in Functional Command structure Typical in Functional Command structure Does not include: Does not include: - Organizational authority - Administrative and logistics support

14. Categories of Support (A Form of Command Relationship) General Support Given to the supported force as a whole rather than to a particular Subdivision thereof. Mutual Support Support which units render each other against an enemy because of their assigned tasks, positions relative to each other and to the enemy, and their inherent capabilities Direct Support A mission requiring a force to support another specific force and authorizing it to answer directly the supported force’s request for assistance. Close Support Actions by the supporting force against targets or objectives that are sufficiently near the supported force as to require detailed integration or coordination of the supporting action with the fire, movement or other actions of the supported force.

15. CTF Control and Coordination Other Supporting Authority Concepts u Coordinating Authority – requires consultation u Coalition Coordination Center Concept – special organizations to address CTF challenges (integrated into CTF HQs template) u Direct Liaison Authorized (DIRLAUTH) – direct coordination and liaison authorized, keep granting HQs informed u Liaison – CRITICAL for MNF / CTF, should deploy immediately to CTF and Supported Strategic Commander planning location(s) u Agreements – Made during crisis actions / Status of Forces Agreements / Logistics / MNF mission and end state, etc. u “Hand-Con” – Informal but “binding” based upon fast moving situation; very possible at “tactical levels” (does not replace formal planning / control / coordination / command, “Local Control”.

16. NCA OPCON PRESIDENT SECRETARY OF DEFENSE FUNCTIONALCOMPONENT SUBORDINATEUNIFIEDCOMMAND Service Forces (Not assigned by “Forces For”) COCOM Chain of Command JOINT/COALITION TASK FORCE Chain of Command Administrative Chain Coordination UNIFIEDCOMMANDS CJCS SERVICECOMPONENTCOMMANDS SERVICECOMPONENTS/FORCES MILITARYDEPARTMENTS

17. US JTF (Two-Tiered) Command & Control OperationalLevel TacticalLevel CINC USACOMPSOFCOMPUSMCCOMPUSAFCOMPUSNCOMP JTF SupportingCINC(s) CJCS TheaterStrategic NationalStrategic TIER I TIER II USACOMPSOFCOMPUSMCCOMPUSAFCOMPUSNCOMPJPOTF National Command / Strategic Direction Chain of Command Administrative Chain Coordination NCA

18. USPACOM’s Potential Coalition / Combined Task Force HQs 3rd Fleet 7th Fleet III MEF I MEF I CORPS ALCOMALCOM SOCPACSOCPAC

19. u For a contingency operation, a Lead Nation and theater strategic commander (designated as the ‘Supported Strategic Commander’) will be nominated to lead the operation on behalf of the multinational partners, and a contingency coalition / combined task force (CTF) will be established to conduct military operations. The CTF is formed for a specific limited objective and dissolved upon achieving its assigned objectives. u MNF Chain of Command: NCA (lead nation) Supported Strategic Cmdr (CINC) CCTF u Use crisis action planning (CAP) Procedures MNF / CTF Employment Bottom Line: Requires Combined / Joint Staff employing Combined / Joint Processes

20. MOOTW / SSC is most likely scenario u Short Duration / Small Scale / No-Notice u Joint u Multinational / Interagency MOOTW / SSC is most likely scenario u Short Duration / Small Scale / No-Notice u Joint u Multinational / Interagency MNF / CTF Missions NEONEOPeaceEnforcementPeaceEnforcementCMCM HA/DisasterReliefHA/DisasterReliefPeaceKeepingPeaceKeepingSSCSSCMRCMRC

21. Facts and Decisions Affecting MNF/CTF Structure Assigned Tasks CTF Mission Required Capabilities Force Options Force Options Component Structure Component Structure C2 Structure Basing Support Structure CTF Staff Structure MNF Force Structure Facts Decisions

22. CTF Organization MNF Operations “Nothing that I have ever been taught prepared me for the mental jump needed to go from being Chief of Operations in NATO army group to being Chief of Staff of a UN Operation, where I had to bring together the staff from ten different nations and staff the deployment in less than three weeks from the Security Resolution.” “Nothing that I have ever been taught prepared me for the mental jump needed to go from being Chief of Operations in NATO army group to being Chief of Staff of a UN Operation, where I had to bring together the staff from ten different nations and staff the deployment in less than three weeks from the Security Resolution.” Major General R.A. Cordy-Simpson UKAR

23. COMMON UNDERSTANDING All forces should understand the overall aim and the concept for its attainment. Simplicity of plan and organization are essential COORDINATED POLICY AND PLANS Nations should exchange qualified liaison officers at the earliest opportunity to improve interoperability and mutual understanding TRUST AND CONFIDENCE Commanders and their representatives must establish and maintain trust and confidence. Plain, objective communication and common courtesy are essential. Unified Action in Multinational Operations Coordination and Consensus are key elements for MNF operations Unity of Command is desired -- Unity of Effort is required Principles of Multinational Unity of Effort

24. A MNF/CTF that can: that can: Our Goal u Rapidly plan in a complex setting u Develop a plan which supports national and strategic theater goals u Continuously integrate logistics u Orient on the threat/enemy’s center of gravity u Efficiently execute a plan based on the commander’s concept u Achieve synergy in the employment of all military and inter-agency capabilities

25. Lead Nation Concept u A Lead Nation is designated by the participating nations within the MNF effort u Lead Nation is responsible for the strategic consultation / coordination for the MNF effort – Among nations – With UN channels – With other Non-Governmental or International Organization (NGO / IO) u Lead Nation acts as the “single channel” of MNF strategic direction / guidance to military forces within the MNF effort based upon collaboration and agreements with participating nations u Provides for “unity of effort”

26. Strategic Guidance OPCON or TACON And Support National Command National Command, Theater Theater Lead Nation NCA (Nation #1) (AS NCA) Lead Nation NCA (Nation #1) (AS NCA) Supported Strategic Commander(CDF) Commander(CDF) Participating Nation #2 Nation #2 (US NCA) Participating Nation #2 Nation #2 (US NCA) Participating Nation #3 Nation #3 (GOP NCA) Participating Nation #3 Nation #3 (GOP NCA) Supporting Strategic Commander(CINC) Commander(CINC) Commander (AFP JCS) Supporting Strategic Commander (AFP JCS) Commander Coalition / Combined Task Force (CCTF)Commander Coalition / Combined Task Force (CCTF) Participating US Forces US ForcesParticipating Participating AS Forces Participating Participating AFP Forces Participating Consultation / Coordination Collaboration/Support National Command Element (NCE) National National National Lead Nation Command Structure (Provides for Integrated Command and Control – Unity of Command & Effort)

27. Coalition Coordination Center Parallel Command Structure TF East Sector Commander Commander Participating Nation #1 Forces Nation #1 ForcesParticipating Nation #2 NCA NCA Nation #2 NCA NCA Theater Strategic Commander – Nation # 2 Theater Strategic Commander – Nation # 2 Nation #1 NCA NCA Nation #1 NCA NCA Theater Strategic Commander – Nation # 1 Theater Strategic Commander – Nation # 1 Participating Nation #2 Forces Nation #2 ForcesParticipating TF West Sector Commander Commander (Minimal Integrated Command and Control –Unity of Effort Through Coordination) 1. Strategic Guidance 3. OPCON or TACON and Support and Support 2. National Command 5. Theater or COCOM Command Command 4. Consultation / Coordination

28. Legend: Strategic Guidance OPCON or TACON And Support National Command National Command, Coordination CCTFCCTF Participating Nation #2 Nation #2Participating Participating Nation #3 Participating Participating Nation #1 CommanderParticipating Commander Participating Nation #1 Nation #1Participating Lead Nation Supported Strategic Commander Commander Nation #1 Supporting Strategic Commander Commander Consultation / Coordination Coordination Collaboration/ Tailored Lead Nation Command Structure (Parallel Command -- Foreign Command of Nation’s Forces is an Issue) Coalition Coordination Center

29. Integrated Command Structure Integrated Command Structure (Integrated Alliance or Lead Nation Alliance) Provides for Integrated Command and Control – Unity of Command & Effort Legend: OPCON or TACON OPCON or TACON Designated Lead Nation NCA Or Legitimizing Authority (Treaty) With Strategic Guidance Committee or Governing Body (Example: National Defense Committee) Designated Lead Nation NCA Or Legitimizing Authority (Treaty) With Strategic Guidance Committee or Governing Body (Example: National Defense Committee) MultinationalForceMultinationalForceMultinationalForceMultinationalForce Alliance Commander (Commander Combined TF – CCTF) CTF Staff is fully integrated with alliance personnel Components are fully integrated normally at the Brigade / Squadron levels of command and above (no integration below this level) MultinationalForceMultinationalForce

30. CTF Component Structure (Service) Supported Strategic Cmdr (CINC) CCTF CAFFORCARFOR Simplicity in a Time Compressed Environment Capabilities or functions do not overlap CMARFORCNAVFORCSOTF

31. CTF Component Structure (Functional) CINC CCTF UnityofEffort Organize by capabilities or functions CFMCCCFACCCSOTFCFLCCCCMOTFCPOTF Supported Strategic Commander(CINC)

32. UnityofEffort Geographic or Mission Specific CTFTRANSCTFMED TF Security TF Eng CCTF CINC Supported Strategic Commander(CINC) CTF Component Structure (Subordinate TFs & CTFs)

33. Legend: Lead Nation (NCA) Supported Strategic Commander Supporting Strategic Commander(s) Commander Coalition / Combined Task Force (CCTF) CFACCAirComponent CFLCCGroundComponent CFMCCMaritimeComponent CCC CCC CSOTF NationalForcesNationalForcesNationalForcesNationalForcesNationalForcesNationalForcesNationalForcesNationalForces CCMOTF CPOTF Strategic Guidance And Support OPCON or TACON National Command Tentative, This component may or may not be activated due to nature of the crisis. Coordination, Support and Consultation Supporting Nation)s) (NCA) Coalition Coordination Center (used within coalitions) (used within coalitions) CCC CCC Lead Nation CTF Component Organization Functional Component & Task Force

34. Lead Nation (NCA) Supported Strategic Commander Supporting Strategic Commander(s) Commander Coalition / Combined Task Force (CCTF) CAFFOR CAFFORAirForces CARFORArmyForces CNAVFORNavyForces CCC CCC CSOTF NationalForcesNationalForcesNationalForcesNationalForcesNationalForcesNationalForcesNationalForcesNationalForces CMOTF (Civil Military) CPOTF CPOTF(Psychological) Legend: Strategic Guidance And Support OPCON or TACON National Command Tentative, This component may or may not be activated due to nature of the crisis. Coordination, Support and Consultation Supporting Nation (s) (NCA) Coalition Coordination Center (used in coalitions) CMARFORMARINEForces CCC CCC Lead Nation CTF Component Organization Service Component & Task Force

35. The CTF Staff u Task Organized to the Specific Mission u Capable of Rapid Information Processing u Organized for Efficiency u Shortened Plan-Decide-Execute Cycle

36. CTF Lead Nation NCA The Leap to the Operational Level MEF HQ CORPS HQ TACTICAL LEVEL FLEET HQ AEF HQ A formidable challenge, building an operational staff from single service tactical HQs. A leap from the “Comfort Zone” Supported Strategic Cmdr / CINC Cmdr / CINC CNAVFORCPOTFCARFORCAFFORCMARFORCSOTF MPAT & MNF SOP

37. CTF Staff Process Operational Level Focus MinimalTime Philosophy Structure Procedures Not Business As Usual Plans Pers Log Intel OpsCellularStaffStructureComm Conducted by a “New” Staff Crisis Action Planning Phase I: Situation Development Phase II: Crisis Assessment Phase III: COA Development Phase IV: COA Selection Phase V:Execution Planning Phase VI: Execution

38. Single Service HQ Staff COMMANDER G1G2G6G3G5G4 FUNCTIONALFUNCTIONALFUNCTIONALFUNCTIONAL STAFFSTAFFSTAFFSTAFF FUNCTIONALFUNCTIONALFUNCTIONALFUNCTIONAL STAFFSTAFFSTAFFSTAFF FUNCTIONALFUNCTIONALFUNCTIONALFUNCTIONAL STAFFSTAFFSTAFFSTAFF FUNCTIONALFUNCTIONALFUNCTIONALFUNCTIONAL STAFFSTAFFSTAFFSTAFF FUNCTIONALFUNCTIONALFUNCTIONALFUNCTIONAL STAFFSTAFFSTAFFSTAFF FUNCTIONALFUNCTIONALFUNCTIONALFUNCTIONAL STAFFSTAFFSTAFFSTAFF

39. CTFHQ C1/Personnel C2/ Intel C3/ Ops C4/ Log C5/ Plans C6/ Comms Lead Nation CTF Headquarters SOPs Cultural Dynamics Infrastructure Differences Communications TTPs Operational Level focus Add’l MPAT SMEs: PSYOP, Civil Affairs, Legal, Medical, Pol-Mil, etc. LNOs from Supporting SupportingCommands MPAT / DJTFAC Forming the CTF Staff (MNF Ops)

40. CTF Augmentation Source: DJTFAC u USCINCPAC Staff (20) – O-6 Team Chief – 1xJ1 – 1xJ2 – 2xJ3 (OPS) – 3xJ3 (Plans) – 3xJ3 (IO / CA / PSYOP) – 2xJ4 (Plans / Eng) – 2xJ5 (TPFDD) – 1xJ5 (Pol-Mil) – 1xJ6 – 1xPA – 1xSJA – 1xMed u USCINPAC Components (20) – PACAF (5) F Airlift & Fighter Ops F Airlift Management F Logistics & Ops Planners – USARPAC (4) F Logistics & Ops Planners F Terrain Analysis Tm – CINPACFLT (2) F Logistics & Ops Planners – MARFORPAC (2) F Logistics & Ops Planners – JICPAC (6) F IAT Officers & NCOs – SOCPAC (1) TRAINED---EXPERIENCED---READY TO DEPLOY---WORK FOR THE CTF

41. CTF Staff Structure CCTF C1C2C6C3C5C4 FUNCTIONALFUNCTIONALFUNCTIONALFUNCTIONAL STAFFSTAFFSTAFFSTAFF LIAISON u Command Group u Battle Staff u Integrated Staff Cells u Routine Support u Liaison How Does It Work? FUNCTIONALFUNCTIONALFUNCTIONALFUNCTIONAL STAFFSTAFFSTAFFSTAFF FUNCTIONALFUNCTIONALFUNCTIONALFUNCTIONAL STAFFSTAFFSTAFFSTAFF FUNCTIONALFUNCTIONALFUNCTIONALFUNCTIONAL STAFFSTAFFSTAFFSTAFF FUNCTIONALFUNCTIONALFUNCTIONALFUNCTIONAL STAFFSTAFFSTAFFSTAFF FUNCTIONALFUNCTIONALFUNCTIONALFUNCTIONAL STAFFSTAFFSTAFFSTAFF

42. Command Group u Decision Makers – Intent – Guidance – CCIR CCTF C1C2C6C3C5C4 FUNCTIONALFUNCTIONALFUNCTIONALFUNCTIONAL STAFFSTAFFSTAFFSTAFF FUNCTIONALFUNCTIONALFUNCTIONALFUNCTIONAL STAFFSTAFFSTAFFSTAFF FUNCTIONALFUNCTIONALFUNCTIONALFUNCTIONAL STAFFSTAFFSTAFFSTAFF FUNCTIONALFUNCTIONALFUNCTIONALFUNCTIONAL STAFFSTAFFSTAFFSTAFF FUNCTIONALFUNCTIONALFUNCTIONALFUNCTIONAL STAFFSTAFFSTAFFSTAFF FUNCTIONALFUNCTIONALFUNCTIONALFUNCTIONAL STAFFSTAFFSTAFFSTAFF LIAISON

43. Battle Staff u Chief of Staff Direction u Staff Cognizance over Integrated Cells u Represents all Key Battlefield Operating Systems u Deals with Processed Data CCTF C1C2C6C3C5C4 FUNCTIONALFUNCTIONALFUNCTIONALFUNCTIONAL STAFFSTAFFSTAFFSTAFF FUNCTIONALFUNCTIONALFUNCTIONALFUNCTIONAL STAFFSTAFFSTAFFSTAFF FUNCTIONALFUNCTIONALFUNCTIONALFUNCTIONAL STAFFSTAFFSTAFFSTAFF FUNCTIONALFUNCTIONALFUNCTIONALFUNCTIONAL STAFFSTAFFSTAFFSTAFF FUNCTIONALFUNCTIONALFUNCTIONALFUNCTIONAL STAFFSTAFFSTAFFSTAFF LIAISON FUNCTIONALFUNCTIONALFUNCTIONALFUNCTIONAL STAFFSTAFFSTAFFSTAFF

44. Integrated Staff Cells u Cross Functional Representation u LNO Representation u Information Management u Battle Rhythm u Plans Handover CCTF C1C2C6C3C5C4 FUNCTIONALFUNCTIONALFUNCTIONALFUNCTIONAL STAFFSTAFFSTAFFSTAFF FUNCTIONALFUNCTIONALFUNCTIONALFUNCTIONAL STAFFSTAFFSTAFFSTAFF FUNCTIONALFUNCTIONALFUNCTIONALFUNCTIONAL STAFFSTAFFSTAFFSTAFF FUNCTIONALFUNCTIONALFUNCTIONALFUNCTIONAL STAFFSTAFFSTAFFSTAFF FUNCTIONALFUNCTIONALFUNCTIONALFUNCTIONAL STAFFSTAFFSTAFFSTAFF FUNCTIONALFUNCTIONALFUNCTIONALFUNCTIONAL STAFFSTAFFSTAFFSTAFF COALITION / COMBINED PLANNING GROUP (CPG) INFORMATION OPERATIONS CELL COALITION / COMBINED OPERATIONS CENTER (COC) FORCES DEPLOYMENT / TPFDD WORKING GROUP LIAISON

45. Integrated Staff Cells u COALITION/COMBINED PLANNING GROUP (CPG) u FUTURE OPS (FOPS) u FUTURE PLANS (PLANS) u CURRENT OPS (COPS) u DEPLOYMENT MGT TEAM (DMT) u COALITION COORDINATION CENTER (CC-CENTER) u MULTINATIONAL JOINT LOGISTICS COORDINATION CENTER (MJL-CC) u C/C INTERROGATION CELL u C/C COLLECTION BOARD u FORCE FIRES u C/C TARGET BOARD u CIVIL MILITARY OPS CENTER (CMOC) u C/C AV LOG SPT BD u OPERATIONAL PLANNING TM (OPT) u POLITICAL MILITARY GROUP u COMMUNICATIONS COORD CELL u RULES OF ENGAGE COMM u C/C DISEASE CONT BD u C/C INFORMATION BUREAU u MORALE, WELFARE, AND RECREATION u MILITARY COORD CENTER u SECURITY ASSESSMENT TEAM u SPECIAL OPS CELL u C/C MEDICAL CONT BD u HEALTH SERV SPT BD u C/C VISITORS BUREAU u INFORMATION MANAGEMENT CTR u C/C MORTUARY AFF BD u C/C HNS SPT BD u C/C CONTRACTING BD u EPW MANAGEMENT BOARD u C/C CAPTURED MATERIAL EXPLOIT CELL u COMBAT OPERATIONS CENTER u C/C MOBILITY AND ENG BD u C/C TERRAIN MANAGE BD u LOGISTICS READINESS CENTER u C/C PETROLEUM BD u C/C LOG COORD BD u REAR AREA OPERATIONS CTR u C/C MOVEMENT CONT CTR u C/C RECEPTION CENTER Note: Coalition/Combined (C/C)

46. Routine Staff Support u More Closely Aligned with Normal Staff Organization u Representatives on Integrated Cell u More meetings than Bodies: Battle Rhythm u Linkage to staffs higher and lower CCTF C1C2C6C3C5C4 FUNCTIONALFUNCTIONALFUNCTIONALFUNCTIONAL STAFFSTAFFSTAFFSTAFF FUNCTIONALFUNCTIONALFUNCTIONALFUNCTIONAL STAFFSTAFFSTAFFSTAFF FUNCTIONALFUNCTIONALFUNCTIONALFUNCTIONAL STAFFSTAFFSTAFFSTAFF FUNCTIONALFUNCTIONALFUNCTIONALFUNCTIONAL STAFFSTAFFSTAFFSTAFF FUNCTIONALFUNCTIONALFUNCTIONALFUNCTIONAL STAFFSTAFFSTAFFSTAFF LIAISON FUNCTIONALFUNCTIONALFUNCTIONALFUNCTIONAL STAFFSTAFFSTAFFSTAFF

47. Liaison u Liaison supporting, higher and lower staffs u Liaisons to CTF staff become key members of Integrated Cells u More meetings than Bodies: Battle Rhythm u Rank/Experience critical: Must be able to speak for the commander CCTF C1C2C6C3C5C4 FUNCTIONALFUNCTIONALFUNCTIONALFUNCTIONAL STAFFSTAFFSTAFFSTAFF FUNCTIONALFUNCTIONALFUNCTIONALFUNCTIONAL STAFFSTAFFSTAFFSTAFF FUNCTIONALFUNCTIONALFUNCTIONALFUNCTIONAL STAFFSTAFFSTAFFSTAFF FUNCTIONALFUNCTIONALFUNCTIONALFUNCTIONAL STAFFSTAFFSTAFFSTAFF FUNCTIONALFUNCTIONALFUNCTIONALFUNCTIONAL STAFFSTAFFSTAFFSTAFF LIAISON “They are crucial to success, and you have to pick your best people. They have to have the moxie to stand up in front of a two or four star general, and brief him on what their commander is thinking, their unit’s capabilities, and make their recommendations.” LTG Stiner, USA Cdr, JTF South, Operation Just Cause FUNCTIONALFUNCTIONALFUNCTIONALFUNCTIONAL STAFFSTAFFSTAFFSTAFF

48. Standardized CTF HQs MNF REL = MULTINATIONAL FORCE RELEASABLE LIAISON & COORD = Commander Coalition / Combined Task Force (CCTF) DCCTF DCCTF Personal Staff CoalitionCoordinationCenter (CCC ) Civil-MilitaryOperationsCenter (CMOC ) Coalition / Combined Logistics Coordination Center (CLCC) Secret – MNF REL CTF PLANNING PROCESS (PLANS, FOPS, AND COPS) Red Area “ Shared Top Level Classification Info Area SpecialAccessOps(SOF) Classification: Secret – MNF REL Classification: Case by Case Multinational and CTF Media Support Staffs (Coalition / Combined Media Pools) COS C1PERS C2INTEL C3OPNS C4LOG C5PLANS C6COMMS C7CIV-MIL

49. CAP Phase VI Execution CTF Planning Process Functions Focus 96 Hrs andbeyond “What’s Next” Mid-Termto Long Range Focus 24 – 96 Hrs “What‘s the Situation & What Refinements Are Required” Near Term CTF: 0-24 Hrs CTF: 24-96 Hrs C3 Future Operations (FOPS) Focus 0 – 24 hrs “Issue & Monitor What Adjustments Are Required” Current “Hand-Off” of Plan “Provides for an integrated and managed process of the movement of CTF plans from the planning stage, to the refinement stage, and then to the execution stage” “Hand-Off” of Plan

50. 12 Command Group Prioritize/Task CTF Planning Efforts & Provide Direction/Guidance Command Group Prioritize/Task CTF Planning Efforts & Provide Direction/Guidance CTF: 0-24 Hrs Issues Orders, Drafts Pertinent Messages Issues Orders, Drafts Pertinent Messages Monitor, Assess, Monitor, Assess, Direct & Control Direct & Control Execution. Execution. Maintain SA. Maintain SA. CAP Products CTF: 96 Hrs / Next Phase Next PhaseTransition, or Termination Initial & Campaign Plan Follow-on Phase - Plans What’s Next? CPGCPG CTF: 24-96 Hrs Refines, Adjusts & Refines, Adjusts &ModifiesOPORDs-OPLANs (Based upon Current (Based upon CurrentSituation) OPTOPT “Hand-Off” of Plan OPORD-OPLANS / Campaign PlanOPORD-OPLANS / Campaign Plan Sequel plans for future phasesSequel plans for future phases –Concept of operations –Draft Cmdr’s Intent Initial Cmdr’s guidanceInitial Cmdr’s guidance Wargaming resultsWargaming results Pol-Mil IssuesPol-Mil Issues OPORD-OPLANS / Campaign PlanOPORD-OPLANS / Campaign Plan Sequel plans for future phasesSequel plans for future phases –Concept of operations –Draft Cmdr’s Intent Initial Cmdr’s guidanceInitial Cmdr’s guidance Wargaming resultsWargaming results Pol-Mil IssuesPol-Mil Issues Branch plans with triggersBranch plans with triggers Draft Commander’s IntentDraft Commander’s Intent Commanders EstimateCommanders Estimate Orders (WARNO, FRAGO, Etc.)Orders (WARNO, FRAGO, Etc.) Recommend CCIR, ROERecommend CCIR, ROE CCIR & ROECCIR & ROE Situational Awareness (SA / COP)Situational Awareness (SA / COP) Monitor Plan ExecutionMonitor Plan Execution BriefingsBriefings SITREP/ near-term FRAGOsSITREP/ near-term FRAGOs Message ReleaseMessage Release Track Actions / SuspensesTrack Actions / Suspenses CAP Products “Hand-Off” of Plan C3 Future Operations(FOPS) C3 Current Operations(COPS) C5 Future Plans(PLANS) CollaborationTools Battle Staff CTF Battle Staff CAP Phase VI Execution Plans and Operations Synchronization

51. Coalition/Combined Planning Group (CPG) J-4StaffJ-4Staff J-5StaffJ-5Staff J-6Staff PAStaffPAStaff SJAStaffSJAStaff MedicalStaffMedicalStaff JTFCompJTFComp J-3StaffJ-3Staff C-2StaffC-2Staff C-1StaffC-1Staff C-3 Reps C-5 Reps C-6 Reps C-4 Reps PA Reps SJA Reps Med Reps LNOs C-2 Reps C-1 Reps OPT Deployment Cell IO Cell IM Cell Orders Cell CPG

52. 9-14 Expandable CPG: Small “core” of experienced planners within larger planning cell may be referred to as the OPT. Small “core” of experienced planners within larger planning cell may be referred to as the OPT. Planning cells expand and contract as dictated by planning tasks/ OPTEMPO. Planning cells expand and contract as dictated by planning tasks/ OPTEMPO. Include reps from staff sections & LNOs Include reps from staff sections & LNOs INFO OPS CELL IO Planner(s) C2W Planner(s) Deception Planner(s) CSOTF Rep CPOTF Rep INFO OPS CELL IO Planner(s) C2W Planner(s) Deception Planner(s) CSOTF Rep CPOTF Rep ORDERS CELL Warning Order Planning Order Ops Order Cdrs Estimate Other Orders ORDERS CELL Warning Order Planning Order Ops Order Cdrs Estimate Other Orders INFO MGT CELL Message Boards RFI Control GI&S Suspense Mgt Agendas INFO MGT CELL Message Boards RFI Control GI&S Suspense Mgt Agendas OPERATIONS PLANNING TEAM (OPT) Core Planners DJTFAC / MPAT LNOs / Reps as Req POSSIBLE SUBCELLS Mission Analysis COA Development WARNORD COA Analysis Synch Matrix Cmdr’s Estimate OPORD Development Branch Plans OPERATIONS PLANNING TEAM (OPT) Core Planners DJTFAC / MPAT LNOs / Reps as Req POSSIBLE SUBCELLS Mission Analysis COA Development WARNORD COA Analysis Synch Matrix Cmdr’s Estimate OPORD Development Branch Plans DEPLOYMENT CELL JOPES / TPFDD Planner USTRANSCOM LNO C-4 Transportation Rep C-4 Logistics Rep C-3 Rep Component LNOs DEPLOYMENT CELL JOPES / TPFDD Planner USTRANSCOM LNO C-4 Transportation Rep C-4 Logistics Rep C-3 Rep Component LNOs REPRESENTATIVES TO THE CPG Component LNOs: AFFOR, ARFOR, NAVFOR, MARFOR CTF Staff: C1, C2, C3/COC, C4, C5, C6, Engineer Support Combatant Command LNOs: POLAD, Surgeon, PAO, SJA, CCTB, USSPACECOM, USTRANSCOM, USSTRATCOM, NORAD REPRESENTATIVES TO THE CPG Component LNOs: AFFOR, ARFOR, NAVFOR, MARFOR CTF Staff: C1, C2, C3/COC, C4, C5, C6, Engineer Support Combatant Command LNOs: POLAD, Surgeon, PAO, SJA, CCTB, USSPACECOM, USTRANSCOM, USSTRATCOM, NORAD CPG/OPT – Expandable Organization Concept CPG

53. Sub Area Petroleum Office Facilities Utilization Board Patient Movement Requirements Center Coalition / Combined Interrogation Facility Document Exploitation Center Captured Material Exploitation Center National Support Team Mortuary Affairs Office Blood Program Office As Required CCTF Determines Staff Relationship Combined Visitors Bureau Coalition/Combined Planning Group Public Affairs Chaplain Comptroller Legal Advisor Coalition / Combined Targeting Coordination Board Personal Staff Surgeon DCCTF C-5 Coalition / Combined Reception Center C-4 C-3 C-2 C-1 C-6 Chief of Staff Coalition / Combined Communications Control Center Logistics Readiness Center Coalition / Combined Movement Center Coalition / Combined Operations Center Coalition / Combined Information Bureau Coalition / Combined Search and Rescue Center Civil Military Operations Center Coalition / Combined Intelligence Support Element Recommended CCTF

54. Lesson Learned: Clearly define command relationships between components (especially “supported” and supporting relationships) Summary: Lessons Learned - Forming Lesson Learned: Augmentation “cells” from the CINC clearly provide a “jump start” to the processes of forming and planning during a crisis. Lesson Learned: Keep the number of cells/boards/agencies/centers to a minimum, but if the function is required, forming them is usually beneficial.

55. Lessons Learned - Planning Lesson Learned: “Master the mechanics & techniques; understand the art and profession; and be smart enough to know when to deviate from it.” GEN Zinni, CINCCENT Lesson Learned: “Leaders should use the military decision-making process to expedite or facilitate planning, but should not let it hinder their efforts to understand the complex issues that lay beneath the operation’s surface.” LTC D. Scalard, Military Review, 1998

56. Lessons Learned - Deploying Lesson Learned: A CCTF should almost daily ask the following question: “What are we doing to ensure that CTF personnel & their equipment arrive at the PODs at approximately the same time?” Lesson Learned: CCTFs must balance combat vs. support forces in the deployment process. When inadequate support forces are deployed, backlogs of personnel & equipment at the PODs will occur (I.e., adequate JRSOI is on-hand).

57. Lessons Learned - Employing u Deter… u Fight to win... Lesson Learned: A CCTF should always seek to gain & maintain the initiative -- this applies not only to conventional combat operations, but to the information domain as well. Lesson Learned: There is no replacement for the application of overwhelming force at the proper time & place. Seek or create enemy weakness and attack it quickly, decisively, and relentlessly. Lesson Learned: Keep your logisticians abreast of the operational situation -- only with full situational awareness can they anticipate future requirements as operations unfold. Lesson Learned: Always maintain a reserve ready for immediate employment to reinforce success, capitalize on unanticipated opportunities, or to address unforseen exigencies.

58. Lessons Learned - Transition Lesson Learned: Transition may occur between the CTF with a US command, with another military command (i.e. UN follow-on forces), with host nation forces, or to civilian control. Regardless, the command must prepare for and coordinate the transition to ensure an orderly change of authority and responsibility.

59. Lessons Learned - Redeploying Lesson Learned: Redeployment is essentially the reverse of deployment. Redeployment can begin at any point during CTF operations and planning for it should begin as soon as possible.

60. Multinational Force SOP “A Journey Starts with a first step” u MNF SOP – “ A Step in the Right Direction” – A “Guide” for Operational Start Points and CTF procedures F Not prescriptive, binding, or directive – Focus on Operational Level – CTF HQs and Command – Purpose: F Speed of Initial Response F Interoperability F Overall Mission Effectiveness – Is a Multinational Product F 28 Nations -- Multinational Planning Augmentation Team (MPAT)

61. Forming the Multinational Force (MNF) Questions? Deployable Joint Task Force Augmentation Cell (DJTFAC) Multinational Planning Augmentation Team (MPAT)