1. HOLT World History World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Africa Section 1:Africa’s Early History Section 2:The Kingdoms of Kush and Aksum Section 3:Trading States of Africa CHAPTER 8

2. HOLT World History World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON 2 Objectives: Identify what geographic features of Africa affected human cultures. Identify what geographic features of Africa affected human cultures. Describe how historians have learned about the migrations of early African peoples. Describe how historians have learned about the migrations of early African peoples. Explain the predominant patterns of life in early African societies. Explain the predominant patterns of life in early African societies. Section 1: Africa’s Early History

3. HOLT World History World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON 3 The Physical Setting The plateau – savannas, tropical rain forests, jungle areas The plateau – savannas, tropical rain forests, jungle areas Other natural features – Lake Chad, Lake Victoria, Mount Kenya, Mount Kilimanjaro Other natural features – Lake Chad, Lake Victoria, Mount Kenya, Mount Kilimanjaro Section 1: Africa’s Early History

4. HOLT World History World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON 4 Rediscovering the African Past Language – Bantu Language – Bantu Cultural exchange – discovered through study of music, language, and plants Cultural exchange – discovered through study of music, language, and plants Other evidence – archaeological evidence Other evidence – archaeological evidence Section 1: Africa’s Early History

5. HOLT World History World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON 5 Patterns of Life Small, independent villages Small, independent villages Women were farmers Women were farmers Ancestry was traced through mothers instead of fathers Ancestry was traced through mothers instead of fathers Section 1: Africa’s Early History

6. HOLT World History World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON 6 Objectives: Explain how Kush developed as an independent kingdom. Explain how Kush developed as an independent kingdom. Analyze the factors that helped Aksum develop as an independent kingdom. Analyze the factors that helped Aksum develop as an independent kingdom. Section 2: The Kingdoms of Kush and Aksum

7. HOLT World History World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON 7 Kush Arises Important for trade Important for trade Isolated from Egyptian rule Isolated from Egyptian rule Section 2: The Kingdoms of Kush and Aksum

8. HOLT World History World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON 8 Aksum Ivory trade, strong military Ivory trade, strong military King ´Ēzānā conquered Kush, converted to Christianity King ´Ēzānā conquered Kush, converted to Christianity Section 2: The Kingdoms of Kush and Aksum

9. HOLT World History World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON 9 Objectives: Discuss how trade developed along the East African coast. Discuss how trade developed along the East African coast. Explain how the kingdoms of West Africa became rich and powerful. Explain how the kingdoms of West Africa became rich and powerful. Section 3: Trading States of Africa

10. HOLT World History World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON 10 East Africa and Great Zimbabwe Swahili states – Kilwa was a leading port Swahili states – Kilwa was a leading port Great Zimbabwe – gold trade Great Zimbabwe – gold trade Section 3: Trading States of Africa

11. HOLT World History World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON 11 West Africa Ghana – gold-for-salt exchange Ghana – gold-for-salt exchange Mali – Mansa Mūsā Mali – Mansa Mūsā Songhai - trade Songhai - trade Section 3: Trading States of Africa