1. I CAN Identify the problems developing from each of Freud’s psychosexual stages Explain the role of defense mechanisms Distinguish the major defense mechanisms Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

2. Psychosexual Stages of Development

3. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Psychosexual Development Problems Oral Stage: Smoking, nail biting, chewing gum, gluttony, obesity, talkativeness, dependency, gullibility Anal Stage: Messiness, temper tantrums, destructiveness, cruelty, excessive cleanliness, stinginess, coldness, distant

4. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Psychosexual Development Problems Phallic Stage: Jealousy, egocentric sex, sexual conquests, problems with parents Latency Stage: Excessive modesty, preference of same sex company, homosexuality (Freud considered this a disorder) Genital Stage: none

5. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory Fixation Occurs when psychosexual development is arrested at an immature stage If a child fixates at a particular stage, the method of obtaining satisfaction which characterized the stage will dominate and affect his adult personality.

6. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory Oedipus Complex Involves the child's unconscious desire to possess the opposite- sexed parent and to eliminate the same- sexed one. Boys unconsciously displace an erotic attraction toward their mother to females of their own age and, at the same time, identify with their fathers

7. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory Identification The mental process by which an individual tries to become like another person, especially the same-sex parent This is Partial Identification and is based on the perception of special quality of another person The Positive Side: people identify with others because they feel they have something in common. For example: a group of people who like the same music.

8. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory Penis Envy According to Freud, the female desire to have a penis– a condition that usually results in their attraction to males

9. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory Ego Defense Mechanisms Began with Freud, but was expanded upon by his daughter Anna, who is considered THE defense mechanism expert Largely unconscious mental strategies employed to reduce the experience of conflict or anxiety

10. Common Defense Mechanisms 1.Repression/Suppression: Hiding a memory or thought away. 2.Denial: Pretending something didn’t happen. 3.Projection: Blaming someone else to cover up your own guilt or memory. 4.Rationalization: Creating an explanation, even though its wrong.

11. More Defense Mechanisms 5. Intellectualization: Thinking about something logically without emotion. 6.Reaction Formation: Key word (reverse formation)- Turning the other cheek, doing the opposite. 7. Regression: Using a childish response like whining to deal with a problem.

12. 8. Displacement: Taking out emotion (usually aggression) on someone less threatening 9. Sublimation: Converting unacceptable behavior to something that is acceptable (kickboxing) 10. Altruism: Selflessness (donations) 11. Somatization: The transformation of negative feelings towards others into negative feelings toward self, pain, illness and anxiety…hypochondria

13. 12. Passive Aggression: Aggression towards others expressed indirectly or passively 13. Acting Out: Direct expression of an unconscious wish or impulse without conscious awareness of the emotion that drives that expressive behavior. 14. Idealization: Subconsciously choosing to perceive another individual as having more positive qualities than they may actually have. Others include: humor, affiliation, aim inhibiting (settling), avoidance, compensation, etc… Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

14. CAN I? Identify the problems developing from each of Freud’s psychosexual stages Explain the role of defense mechanisms Distinguish the major defense mechanisms Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007