1. Unit 2 Study Guide Bozenmayer, Alexander, Albano 2014 – 2015

2. Part 1. Atomic Theory (Study your “Atomic Theory” notes, and “Atomic Theory” quiz)

3. 1.What was the BIG IDEA that we discussed in class about the atomic theory? As technology improved over time, our idea of what an atom looks like changed.

4. 2.What are the important features of Dalton’s theory? (2) Atoms cannot be created, divided, or destroyed. All atoms of the same element are identical.

5. 3.What are the important features of Thomson’s theory? (1) Atoms CAN be divided (have smaller particles). Atoms have negatively charged electrons.

6. 4.What are the important features of Rutherford’s theory? (2) Atoms are mostly empty space. In the center of the atom is a positively charged nucleus.

7. 5.What is the important feature of Bohr’s theory? (1) Electrons move around the nucleus in fixed paths called energy levels.

8. 6.What is the important feature of the electron cloud model? (1) The exact position of the electrons can only be predicted, not known.

9. ***Be able to draw the model of the atom and how it changed over time. (look at your notes for this!!!) + - - - - - -- + - - - - - - -

10. 7. Collect and restate all the things we now think about the atom here (the ideas that stayed through all the models): Made of smaller particles, mostly empty space, cannot be created or destroyed, have properties unique to that element.

11. 8. What is matter? Anything that has MASS and VOLUME.

12. ***Remember back to what we did/look over you Indirect Evidence (Balloon) Lab [HOW DID YOU PROVE THAT AIR IS MATTER? Weighed it to prove it has MASS. Squeezed it, observed its size to prove it has VOLUME.]

13. Part 2. The Atom/Elements (Study your “Meet the Elements” notes)

14. 9. Fill in the missing tile info… 5 B Boron 10.811 Atomic number Chemical symbol Element name Atomic mass

15. 10.How small are atoms? Very, very, very small (smaller than a cell, a cell nucleus….) Smaller than can be seen with an optical microscope.

16. Part 3. The Periodic Table (Study your “The Periodic Table” notes/packet)

17. 11. What does the atomic number tell you? Number of protons

18. 12. What is the chemical symbol of an atom? Unique symbol on PT for that element

19. 13.What is the atomic mass of an element? What unit is it measured in? The atomic mass is the average mass of that atom. It is measured in atomic mass units.

20. 14.What are the three subatomic particles? (You can create a table to answer questions 14-17) 15. What is their charge? 16. Where is each located? 17. How can we know how many of each subatomic particle there are in an element? (the formulas) Subatomic particle ChargeLocatedHow Many ProtonPositive +In nucleus= atomic # NeutronNeutral (no charge) 0 In nucleus= atomic mass (rounded) minus atomic # ElectronNegative -Outside nucleus= atomic #

21. 10.Under normal lab conditions, what can you NOT do to an element? The atoms of an element cannot be broken down under normal lab conditions.

22. 11.What are some examples of normal laboratory conditions? Heating, cooling, exposure to electricity, exposure to acids.

23. 18.Where are the metals located on the periodic table? Where are the nonmetals located? Where are the metalloids located? Metals are on the left hand side of the periodic table (and most of the middle too.) Metalloids border the “staircase” between the metals and non-metals Non-metals are on the right hand side of the periodic table.

24. 20.What are valence electrons? What are they responsible for? Valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost energy shell of an atom. They are responsible for bonding between atoms.

25. 20.What are the properties of metals? (list all of them!) Shiny, Most are solid at room temperature (except Mercury), Good conductors of heat and electricity, Malleable (can be hammered w/o breaking), Ductile (can be shaped into wires)

26. 21.What are the properties of non- metals? (list all of them!) Not shiny, About half are solid at room temperature, Poor conductors of heat and electricity, Brittle (will shatter when struck with a hammer), Not ductile.

27. 22.What are the properties of metalloids? (2) Share SOME properties of metals, and SOME properties of non-metals.

28. 23.What are the columns on the periodic table called? What are the rows called? Columns are called GROUPS. Rows are called PERIODS.

29. 24.Which group on the periodic table are the most reactive metals? Group 1, Alkali metals.

30. 25.Which group on the periodic table is the least reactive? Group 8, noble gases.

31. 26.What is true about elements that appear in the same group on the periodic table? Same group share similar characteristics

32. 27.How do you know how many valence electrons an atom has? An atom has the same number valence electrons as it’s GROUP NUMBER, so Group 1 has 1 valence electron, Group 7 has 7 valence electrons….

33. 28.In general, how does reactivity change as you move across the metals from left to right? In general, reactivity DECREASES as you move across the metals from left to right.

34. 29.What are two important properties of the halogens? The halogens have similar CHEMICAL properties (they react similarly) but different PHYSICAL properties (they look different.) Also, they are VERY REACTIVE.

35. 27.What happens to the properties of elements on the periodic table when they are arranged by atomic number? The properties of elements repeat when they are arranged by atomic number.

36. 31.Which two groups can hydrogen be considered part of? Hydrogen can be considered part of group 1 because it has 1 valence electron. It behaves most like group 17, the Halogens, since it is a non-metal and very reactive.

37. 32.What is true about elements that appear in the same group on the periodic table? Elements in the same group on the periodic table have similar properties and characteristics.

38. proton neutron electron + 0 no charge - same as atomic # atomic mass – atomic # same as atomic # inside nucleus outside nucleus in cloud atomic # chemical symbol atomic mass # of protons; location on PT average mass of atom; measured in amu (atomic mass units) symbol for element (unique)

39. B A