1. Element Elements and Compounds Biological Importance of Ions Structure of Atom Compounds A compound is a substance composed of two or more elements, chemically combined with one another in a fixed proportion. Water, sugar, salt, carbon dioxide, methane etc are the examples of compounds. Objectives: Biological importance of sodium and potassium ions. Biological importance of calcium and magnesium ions. The s-Block Elements

2. Element Elements and Compounds Extraction of Sulphur Non-metals Compounds A compound is a substance composed of two or more elements, chemically combined with one another in a fixed proportion. Water, sugar, salt, carbon dioxide, methane etc are the examples of compounds. Mineral Coal and Mineral Oil Petroleum The s-Block Elements Biological Importance of Na + and K + ions Sodium ions are found primarily in the blood plasma. They are also found in the interstitial fluids surrounding the cells. Diagonal Relationship and Irregularity Lithium and Sodium Biological Importance of Ions Sodium ions help in the transmission of nerve signals. They help in regulating the flow of water across the cell membranes. They also help in transporting sugars and amino acids into the cells. A person having weight of 70 kg possesses 90 g sodium.

3. Element Elements and Compounds Extraction of Sulphur Non-metals Compounds A compound is a substance composed of two or more elements, chemically combined with one another in a fixed proportion. Water, sugar, salt, carbon dioxide, methane etc are the examples of compounds. Mineral Coal and Mineral Oil Petroleum Structure of Atom The s-Block Elements Potassium ions are found in the highest quantity within the cell fluids. Lithium and Sodium Biological Importance of Ions Biological Importance of Na + and K + ions K ions help in activating many enzymes. They also participate in oxidising glucose to produce ATP. They also help in transmitting nerve signals. A person having weight of 70 kg possesses 170 g potassium.

4. Element Elements and Compounds Extraction of Sulphur Non-metals Compounds A compound is a substance composed of two or more elements, chemically combined with one another in a fixed proportion. Water, sugar, salt, carbon dioxide, methane etc are the examples of compounds. Mineral Coal and Mineral Oil Petroleum Structure of Atom The s-Block Elements The level of sodium in the red blood cells in blood plasma is about 143 m mol lit -1 while that of potassium is only 5 m mol lit -1. These concentrations change to 10 m mol lit -1 (Na + ) and 105 m mol lit -1 (K + ). This concentration degradation is the indication of a discriminative mechanism which is called sodium potassium pump. Lithium and Sodium Biological Importance of Ions Biological Importance of Na + and K + ions

5. Element Elements and Compounds Extraction of Sulphur Non-metals Compounds A compound is a substance composed of two or more elements, chemically combined with one another in a fixed proportion. Water, sugar, salt, carbon dioxide, methane etc are the examples of compounds. Mineral Coal and Mineral Oil Petroleum Structure of Atom Sodium-Potassium Pump The s-Block Elements Lithium and Sodium Biological Importance of Ions Biological Importance of Na + and K + ions If sodium-potassium pump does not work properly it creates many problems regarding blood pressure in human beings.

6. Element Elements and Compounds Extraction of Sulphur Non-metals Compounds A compound is a substance composed of two or more elements, chemically combined with one another in a fixed proportion. Water, sugar, salt, carbon dioxide, methane etc are the examples of compounds. Mineral Coal and Mineral Oil Petroleum Structure of Atom The s-Block Elements Lithium and Sodium Biological Importance of Ions Biological Importance of Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ ions Magnesium and calcium are referred to as macro-minerals. This term indicates their higher abundance in the human body system. The body of an adult contains about 25 gram Mg and 1200 gram Ca. Magnesium is essential to all organisms. It is an integral part of chlorophyll, the green pigment in plants responsible for photosynthetic reaction. All the enzymes which use ATP in the transfer of phosphate; they require magnesium as a cofactor. Chlorophyll

7. Element Elements and Compounds Extraction of Sulphur Non-metals Compounds A compound is a substance composed of two or more elements, chemically combined with one another in a fixed proportion. Water, sugar, salt, carbon dioxide, methane etc are the examples of compounds. Mineral Coal and Mineral Oil Petroleum Structure of Atom The s-Block Elements Lithium and Sodium Biological Importance of Ions Biological Importance of Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ ions Calcium forms solid skeletal materials such as bones, and acts as trigger for muscular contraction and the release of hormones. Calcium also plays an important role in neuromuscular function, interneuronaI transmission cell membrane integrity and coagulation of blood.