1. Igneous, Sedimentary, Metamorphic
Rock Types
Igneous, Sedimentary, Metamorphic

2. Igneous rocks make up 95% of the rocks of the crust of Earth
Igneous rocks make up 95% of the rocks of the crust of Earth. They are also some of the oldest rocks that are found at the surface of Earth.

3. Igneous rocks form from molten rock which is either ejected at the surface of Earth or cools off underground. When volcanoes erupt, they can eject molten rock.

4. Extrusive Igneous Rock
Extrusive means to stick out. Extrusive rocks form when they cool at the Earth’s surface. Because of their rapid cooling, they have smaller crystals.
Andesite

5. Extrusive rocks that cool quickly have very small crystals.
Obsidian is a good example of a very quickly cooled extrusive igneous rock. It appears glass-like.

6. Sometimes when an extrusive rock is cooled very quickly and has lots of air pockets we get pumice or scoria.
Scoria
Pumice

7. Intrusive rock cools under the surface
Intrusive rock cools under the surface. It has more time to cool and forms larger crystals.
Quartz
Granite
Diorite

9. Sedimentary rocks are the result of the processes of weathering and erosion which are continually breaking down and rearranging them. Small rocks, fragments and organic remains that have been moved by water, wind or other agents of erosion are called sediment. Over a period of time, sediment is cemented together.
Sandstone

10. Sedimentary rocks can be formed from metamorphic, igneous or other sedimentary rocks that have been broken down by weathering. In nature sedimentary rocks are usually found in layers with the oldest layer on the bottom.

11. Three types of Sedimentary Rocks
Clastic: made of broken pieces of other rocks that are squeezed and cemented together.
Sandstone
Breccia
Shale

12. Organic Sedimentary Rocks
Remains of plants and animals.
Coal
Limestone

13. Chemical Sedimentary Rocks
Dissolved minerals that crystallize by precipitation or evaporation.
Gypsum
Halite
Limestone

14. Metamorphic Rock
METAMORPHIC ROCK

15. Has this ever happened to you
Has this ever happened to you? You take a peanut butter and jelly sandwich to school. You check your backpack at lunch and find that your books have been sitting on the sandwich all day! The heat of the day and pressure of the books have mushed the sandwich into a completely different shape. Your lunch has experienced what rocks experience deep in the interior of Earth, the process of metamorphism.

16. They are formed deep inside the earth.
Rocks that have changed shape or composition due to intense heat and pressure are called metamorphic rocks.
Metamorphic rocks are created from sedimentary, igneous or other metamorphic rocks.
They are formed deep inside the earth.
Heat and pressure from the rock above AND below flatten and bend the rock.
HEAT & PRESSURE

17. Foliated or Non-foliated
Gneiss
Slate
Phyllite
Marble
Schist
Quartzite

18. Shale + Heat & Pressure = Slate

19. Basalt + Heat & Pressure = Schist

20. Granite + Heat & Pressure = Gneiss

21. Limestone + Heat & Pressure = Marble

22. Sandstone + Heat & Pressure = Quartzite

23. Remember!
Igneous rocks are formed by cooling of magma, either above or below the Earth’s surface.
Sedimentary rocks are formed from broken pieces of other rocks (sediment) of all sizes.
Metamorphic rocks are other rocks that are changed through heat and pressure.

24. Pumice is an igneous rock!
What kind of rock is pumice?
Igneous? Sedimentary? Metamorphic?

25. Quartzite is a metamorphic rock!
What kind of rock is quartzite?
Igneous? Sedimentary? Metamorphic?

26. Is coal a mineral???? Coal is a sedimentary rock!
What kind of rock is coal?
Igneous? Sedimentary? Metamorphic?

27. Obsidian is an igneous rock!
What kind of rock is obsidian?
Igneous? Sedimentary? Metamorphic?

28. Halite is a sedimentary rock!
What kind of rock is halite (salt)?
Igneous? Sedimentary? Metamorphic?

29. Sandstone is a sedimentary rock!
What kind of rock is sandstone?
Igneous? Sedimentary? Metamorphic?

30. Limestone is a sedimentary rock!
What kind of rock is limestone?
Igneous? Sedimentary? Metamorphic?

31. Basalt is an igneous rock!
What kind of rock is basalt?
Igneous? Sedimentary? Metamorphic?

32. Gneiss is a metamorphic rock!
What kind of rock is gneiss?
Igneous? Sedimentary? Metamorphic?

33. Da Rock Cycle!