1. MODULE 5 Objectives: Students will learn to recognize moderate risk environments, establish vehicle speed, manage intersections, hills, and passing maneuvers Topics Covered: — Processing Information — determine roadway position, establish speed, and communicate with other roadway users — Intersections, Curves, and Hills — develop space management concepts for controlled and uncontrolled intersections, hills, and curves — Passing — select and safely execute speed and position for passing another vehicle

2. Space Management and Visual Search Process  Visual search—the first space management skill-- drivers need to know—involves classifying traffic elements into four major groups to organize search patterns — Where to look—involves using your eyes and searching 20-30 seconds ahead of your vehicle and possible alternative paths 12-15 seconds in advance—this allows you to identify objects or conditions for an open path of travel (POT) — Monitor your immediate path of travel 4-8 seconds ahead—4 seconds ahead represents following the interval and 8 seconds provides a safe stopping zone

3. Space Management and Visual Search Process  When to search (involves timing, monitoring the conditions all around your vehicle) — Driver should look for specific kinds of information such as road characteristic—construction zones, roadway surface conditions, signs, signals, markings, and motorized vehicles  How to search—involves looking in a pattern that goes from far ahead, near, left, right and rear of the vehicle

4. Using Information to Manage Space  Space Management includes the ZONE Control process-- the driver monitors 6 zones around the car — Adjust lane position — Time management (time arrival) — Control speed  A Zone--the areas of space around a car that is at least the width of a lane — Open zone is a space a driver can drive in without a restriction — Closed Zone –is when an area around a car is not available to the driver because the space is already occupied or there is a restriction to the driver’s line of sight  A red traffic light is an example of a closed zone closed zone

5. Roadway Positions  A car positioned 6 inches from the left line is in lane position 2 –vehicle position is a is in lane position 2 –vehicle position is a method of communicating with other drivers method of communicating with other drivers — Lane position 2 is not recommended when approaching the crest of a hill  If the left front zone is closed and the right front zone is open, lane position 3 would be a better choice  Staggered stop lines — Allows wider turning radius — Increases visibility  When stopped in traffic behind another car, the driver should: — Be able to see the rear tires of the vehicle ahead touching the pavement

6.  Before turning right on RED, the driver in this diagram must — Stop — Yield to pedestrians — Yield to traffic approaching from the left  To cross a two-lane road at 30 mph takes a gap about 1/2 block Roadway Positions

7.  You should not drive more than 150 feet in a shared left turn lane  Once you have reached the apex of a curve, you should accelerate—excessive steering you should accelerate—excessive steering in a curve can result in either over-steering or in a curve can result in either over-steering or under-steer skids under-steer skids  Intersections are the highest risk areas drivers will encounter— never enter an intersection until you identify an open space for your car on the other side of the intersection  Communication—using turn signals, emergency flashers, brake lights, lane selection, horn, and the speed of the vehicle — Before stopping, defensive drivers tap their brakes to warn traffic behind them Intersections, Curves, and Hills

8. Passing  When passing another vehicle on a two-lane road, you should — Return to your lane only when you can see the front of the vehicle behind being passed in your rear view mirror  A vehicle traveling 40 mph will take about 13 seconds to pass another car traveling 30 mph — A vehicle traveling 40 mph, is going approximately 60 feet per second  It is illegal to pass another vehicle on — Hills — Curves — Railroad crossing — Or when you are crossing a solid white line

9.  When determining a safe passing area, the driver must take into account the closing rate of approaching vehicles — Passing is legal only when passing a vehicle traveling slower than the posted speed limit — It is necessary to signal before returning to your lane after passing another vehicle  Passing on a multi-lane roadway is usually safer than on two lane roadways  Without headlights, an approaching vehicle may not become visible until it is within 2500 feet  Braking distance is the distance a car will travel from the point where the brakes are full applied when it comes to a complete stop Passing