1. Opener Questions
1. What are some foods that you ate yesterday or today?
2. What are some things in those foods that your body may need?
3. How do you think your body used each of the foods that you ate?
4. A common saying is “You are what you eat.” What do you think this statement means?

2. Theme = “You Are What You Eat”

3. Carbon Compounds
Chapter 2.3

4. Carbon Number 6 on the periodic table
 Why is it so unique?
 It can form 4 covalent bonds because it has 4 electrons in its outer shell
Can form very long, complex molecules
 One carbon atom can bond to other carbon atoms to form long chains or rings

5. Organic Molecules Organic Molecules: Inorganic Molecules:
Contain carbon bonded to hydrogen
-ex. CH4 (methane gas)
Inorganic Molecules:
Do not contain carbon bonded to hydrogen
-ex. CO2 (carbon dioxide gas)

6. Examples of Organic Compounds
Section 2-3
A long chain
Chains
A ring
Methane
Acetylene
Butadiene
Benzene
Isooctane

7. Macromolecules Means “giant molecules”
Monomers (small units) join together to form
polymers (large compounds) through the
process of polymerization
 monomers can be the same or different
4 Classes:
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
Nucleic Acids

8. Carbohydrates Made of elements: C, H, O Monosaccharide = monomer
*Ratio of 2 H to 1 O*
Monosaccharide = monomer
(“mono” = 1, “saccharide” = sugar)
Simple sugar
 C6H12O6
 Ex: Galactose (in milk), Fructose (in fruit), Glucose

9. Carbohydrate

10. Carbohydrates Functions: Other types  Energy sources
 Structures in plants
Other types
Polysaccharides: Starch, cellulose, glycogen
(“poly” = many, “saccharide” = sugar)

11. Starch = A Polysaccharide
Section 2-3
Starch
Is made up of glucose, a monosaccharide

12. Proteins Elements: C, H, O, N, and S Monomer =  Amino acid
There are 20 amino acids total
Picture on page 47
1. R group = varies from 1 amino acid to another
2. Carboxyl group = COOH
3. Amino group = NH2

13. Examples of Amino Acids
Section 2-3
Examples of Amino Acids
Amino group
Carboxyl group
General structure
Alanine
Serine

14. Proteins Functions:  1. Building material
 2. Carrying out chemical reactions
 3. Fighting disease
 4. Transporting materials

15. Proteins
When two or more amino acids join together, they form a polypeptide
Held together by a  peptide bond
 A water molecule is released when a peptide bond is formed

16. A Protein
Section 2-3
Amino
acids

17. Lipids Elements: C, H, O Building blocks:
High hydrogen to oxygen ratio
 Ratio of H:O not equal to 2:1
Building blocks:
 Glycerol and 3 fatty acid tails

18. Types of Lipids Saturated fats – Unsaturated fats –
Contain all single covalent bonds
Contains maximum # of hydrogens
Are considered bad for you heart
Unsaturated fats –
Contains double and triple bonds
Typically liquid at room temp.
Are considered better for you heart

19. Lipids Functions: Stored and used as energy
Structural component of cell membranes
Protect nerve cells in animals
Speed up nerve impulses
Protect from the cold

20. Lipids Oils  lipids produced by plants
 Are unsaturated = usually liquid at room temp.
Fats  lipids produced by animals
 Are saturated = usually solid at room temp.
Waxes  produced by both plants and animals
Cholesterol and steroids  insoluble in water

21. Nucleic Acids Elements: C, H, O, P, and N Monomer = nucleotide
 Some other elements can be used
Monomer = nucleotide
 Made of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

22. Nucleic Acids Types:  RNA and DNA Function:
Carry genetic information

23. A Well-Balanced Diet 1. Carbohydrates = 50-60% 2. Fat = 20-30%
pasta, bread, fruits, vegetables
2. Fat = 20-30%
butter, mayonnaise, cooking oil
3. Protein = 10%
meat, fish, eggs, nuts, soybeans,
4. Other = 10%
burgers, tacos, cookies

25. Concept Map of Organic Compounds
*Fill in the Blanks*
Section 2-3
Carbon
Compounds
include
that consist of
that consist of
that consist of
that consist of
which contain
which contain
which contain
which contain

26. Concept Map of Organic Compounds
*Answer Key*
Section 2-3
Carbon
Compounds
include
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Nucleic acids
Proteins
that consist of
that consist of
that consist of
that consist of
Sugars and
starches
Fats and oils
Nucleotides
Amino Acids
which contain
which contain
which contain
which contain
Carbon,
hydrogen,
oxygen
Carbon,hydrogen,
oxygen, nitrogen,
phosphorus
hydrogen,oxygen,
nitrogen,