1. Mayfield Publishing Company Benefits of Healthy Body Composition  Better health  Improved performance of physical activities  Better self- image

2. Mayfield Publishing Company Body Composition Body Composition  Fat-free mass – all the body’s nonfat tissues – bone, water, muscle, connective tissue, organ tissues, teeth

3. Mayfield Publishing Company Body Composition Body Composition  Fatty Tissue – essential fat (needed for body function)  found in nerves, brain, heart, lungs, liver, mammary glands – nonessential (storage) fat (excess body fat)  found in adipose tissue Image source: http://www.mindquest.net/biology/histology/ connective-tissue.html

4. Mayfield Publishing Company Overweight and Obesity Basics  Overweight: total body weight above recommended range  Obesity: more serious degree of overweight based on percent body fat or other method  Percent body fat -- proportion of body’s total weight that is fat -- is a more accurate measurement of body composition than total body weight

5. Mayfield Publishing Company Body Composition in the United States  More than 50% of American adults are classified as overweight  17.9% of American adults are classified as obese  Sedentary lifestyles are on the increase  Average calorie intake has increased by 100-300 calories/day in 10 years NAAFA supporters protesting inadequate health care for fat people in front of the White House August 1994. Image source: http://www.naafa.org/

6. Mayfield Publishing Company Assessing Body Composition (I)  Body Mass Index (BMI) – calculated by dividing weight by square of height – Weight in Kg = Weight in Lbs/2.2 – 180/2.2 = 81.8 kg – 1.8 m X 2 = 3.24 – 81.8/3.24 = 25.247

7. Mayfield Publishing Company Assessing Body Composition (II)  Percent body fat – calculated using skinfold measurements

8. Mayfield Publishing Company Assessing Body Composition (III)  Other methods – underwater (hydrostatic) weighing – bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) Tanita TBF 300 GS Image Source: http://bodytrends.com/laf.htm

9. Mayfield Publishing Company Measuring Body Fat Distribution  Waist circumference measurement  Waist-to-hip- circumference ratio  Results that exceed norms are associated with significant health risks

10. Mayfield Publishing Company Somatotype: Endomorph _ A type of body build in which a majority of tissues are derived from the endoderm. There is a relative preponderance of soft roundness throughout the body, with large digestive viscera and accumulations of fat, and with large trunk and thighs and tapering extremities, as contrasted with ectomorph and mesomorph (Dorland's Medical Dictionary).

11. Mayfield Publishing Company Somatotype: Ectomorph _ A type of body build in which tissues derived from the ectoderm predominate; there is a preponderance of linearity and fragility, with large surface area, thin muscles and subcutaneous tissue, and slightly developed digestive viscera, as contrasted with endomorph and mesomorph _ (Dorland's Medical Dictionary).

12. Mayfield Publishing Company Somatotype: Mesomorph _ A type of body build in which tissues derived from the mesoderm predominate. There is relative preponderance of muscle, bone, and connective tissue, usually with heavy, hard physique of rectangular outline. This somatotype is classified between the ectomorph and the endomorph _ (Dorland's Medical Dictionary).

13. Mayfield Publishing Company Achieving Healthy Body Weight and Composition  Set an overall goal and realistic intermediate goals  Calculate a target body weight or percent body fat  Increase level of activity  Follow a healthy diet  Track progress