1. CHAPTER 17
THE JAZZ AGE
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2. 16.4 – ELECTION OF 1920 DEMOCRATS REPUBLICANS P – James M. Cox
VP – Franklin Roosevelt
Ignored Wilson’s advice to focus on the Treaty of Versailles and League of Nations
P – Warren Harding
VP – Calvin Coolidge
“Return to normalcy”- simpler days prior to the Progressive Movement
Won in a landslide
People wanted an end to labor unrest, violence, economic problems, racial tension…..thought Harding could provide these things

3. Warren G. Harding

4. Sold jobs Teapot Dome Bribery Sold pardons
17.1 – POLITICS OF THE 1920s Harding’s administration was plagued by scandals….Ohio Gang was less than perfect (see graphic organizer)
Sold jobs
Teapot Dome
Sold medical supplies
Bribery
Sold pardons

5. 17.1 – CALVIN COOLIDGE
Harding died in 1923 and Coolidge became president
Disgusted with the corruption (forced Daugherty to resign)
CC believed that prosperity relied on business leadership, gov’t should interfere very little
Easily won the election of 1924
Calvin Coolidge

6. 17.1 – CHANGES TO THE ECONOMY
3 goals: balance the budget, reduce national debt, cut taxes
Created the Bureau of the Budget (unified the federal budget) and the General Accounting Office (GAO – tracks spending)
Cut spending; budget fell by more than half
Lowered taxes
Believed lower taxes would increase spending, investment, employment….; lead to an actual increase in tax revenue (supply-side economics)
ANDREW MELLON – S. of the Treasury

7. 17.1 – CHANGES TO THE ECONOMY
HERBERT HOOVER – S. of Commerce
Wanted to balance gov’t regulation w/ cooperative individualism
Businesses would share/work with government
Reduce costs, promote economic efficiency
Created the Bureau of Aviation and the Federal Radio Commission to help promote and regulate both industries
Obama’s cabinet

8. 17.2 – A GROWING ECONOMY (A lot of things were changing in the ‘20s)
Automobile

9. 17.2 – A GROWING ECONOMY
Assembly Line
Henry Ford

10. 17.2 – A GROWING ECONOMY
Charles Lindbergh
airplanes

11. 17.2 – A GROWING ECONOMY
Radio

12. 17.2 – A GROWING ECONOMY
Shorter work weeks
Higher Wages

13. 17.3 – A CLASH OF VALUES
See your photo essay for this section

14. 17.4 – CULTURAL INNOVATIONS
You are responsible for this section on your own

15. 17.5 – AFRICAN AMERICAN CULTURE
Great Migration – thousands moved from rural South to northern cities during WWI and the ‘20s
- massive demographic/social impact on the country
- examples???
Harlem became the center of an AA renaissance
Art, racial pride, political organization
This development of AA arts and culture became known as the Harlem Renaissance

16. 17.5 – WRITERS Claude McKay: Harlem Shadows (poetry)
1st important writer of the HR
Defiance, contempt for racism
Zora Neale Hurston:
Jonah’s Gourd Vine and Their Eyes Were Watching God
described rural AA culture
women as main characters
Langston Hughes:
writing emphasized racial pride
I, Too, Sing America

17. 17.5 – JAZZ, BLUES & THEATER
Louis Armstrong introduced an early form of jazz
Great cornet and trumpet soloist
Revolutionized jazz and music in general
Cover of TIME magazine in 1949
Duke Ellington – bandleader, influenced by ragtime
Wrote a ton of music
Started at the Cotton Club
Louis Armstrong
Duke Ellington

18. 17.5 – JAZZ, BLUES & THEATER
In addition to jazz, blues became very popular
Blues is seen as soulful, emotional
Evolved from AA spirituals
Bessie Smith was the “Empress of the Blues”
Along with music, theater arts were also a major part of the HR
Shuffle Along made its Broadway debut in 1921
Famous performers included Paul Robeson and Josephine Baker
Paul Robeson

19. 17.5 – POLITICS
A march by AA veterans of WWI through Manhattan to Harlem represented new hopes/aspirations
as a result of the Great Migration AAs became a more powerful voting bloc in the north
Usually voted for Republicans (party of Abraham Lincoln)
Oscar DePriest – first AA representative in Congress from a northern State (Illinois)

21. 17.5 – POLITICS
NAACP – focused on influencing public officials and working through the courts
Efforts decrease lynching (Senate defeated a bill to outlaw it)
Growing power of the NAACP seen in the defeat of John Parker’s appointment to the U.S. Supreme Court

22. 17.5 – POLITICS
NAACP fought for political and economic power, others fought for black nationalism and black pride
Separate from white society?
Marcus Garvey
“Negro Nationalism”
Established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
AAs could gain advances by educating themselves; should separate from whites
Go to Africa?
Some AAs did not like him; too radical, insulted them…
Back to Africa movement never became a reality, but he had a lasting impact on black pride
Marcus Garvey