1. Warm Up ► Explain why the Renaissance was an important part of World History? Make sure you give concrete details in your answer.

2. Warm Up #2 ► ► 1. Study the map on page 467. Which European country sent out the first voyage of exploration to the East? ► ► 2. What European countries had established trading posts in the East by 1700? ► ► 3. Read the Spotlight On the Forbidden City on page 470. Why was the palace complex called the Forbidden City?

3. Warm Up #2 ► Discuss why and why not exploration would not advance a countries civilization.

4. Warm Up #3 ► ► 1. Study the Japanese Society chart on page 475. Who had the most power in Japanese society? ► ► 2. What group composed the largest class in Japanese society?

5. Age of Exploration and Isolation 1400-1800 Chapter 19

6. Explore East ► Advances in sailing technology enable Europeans to explore other parts of the world.

7. Why did explorations happen when they did? ► A variety of factors all came together to make the time period (1450-1700) the “age of exploration” ► Some of these factors were pushes, external forces acting on Europe ► Some were pulls, motivations and things that attracted the Europeans

8. What is the easiest way to remember it all? ► The Three G’s:  Gold  Glory  God

9. The First G: Gold ► Gold was a hot item that explorers were looking for, but remember that it is really wealth, not just literal gold that explorers were after. ► Europe needed gold (and silver) to fuel the rising banking system ► Europeans also desired spices (Da Gama’s voyage to India made him a 3000% profit!) ► Other natural resources would come to be sold for profit as well (timber, sugar, tobacco, ivory, etc.) ► This competition will be enhanced by the idea of mercantilism that emerges, the idea that there is only so much wealth in the world, and that to make your kingdom strong you must have more gold and wealth than the other kingdoms

10. The second G: Glory ► Just like the first G, Gold, Glory was a relatively new idea in Europe ► Came out of the Renaissance ideal of Humanism, and the focus on individual achievement ► With the rise of the printing press, the idea of gaining fame for one’s actions was more possible ► Also, individual kings wanted glory for their kingdoms, competition spreads The Triumph of Fame, a Flemish tapestry from 1502.

11. The third G: God ► As members of a universalizing religion, Europeans had always seen spreading Christianity as a good thing ► Especially after the Reformation, competition will spring up ► Colonization will become a race to convert native peoples to a particular brand of Christianity ► Jesuits (Catholics) are some of the most active

12. How did these explorations begin? ► The first to encourage new ship explorations was Prince Henry of Portugal, known as “Prince Henry the Navigator” ► Started an institute for seafaring and exploring ► Combined ship technology learned from Islam with new European innovations ► By the time of his death in 1460, Portuguese had sailed as far south as the Gold Coast of West Africa

13. Portugal ► 1460—trading posts along west coast of Africa ► 1488—Dias sails around southern tip of Africa ► 1498-99  Vasco da Gama sails to India and returns to Portugal with valuable cargo

14. What were the new technologies that enabled explorations? ► The caravel was a new, faster, more maneuverable ship ► Older ships had square sails, caravels had triangular sails (easier to change direction) ► Bilge pump system enabled ship to float higher (less likely to run aground, easier to explore coasts and rivers) ► Compass, astrolabe, maps and other technologies from Islamic culture all helped make explorations possible

15. What factors were pushing Europeans to explore? ► Decline of Mongol Empire in 1400s made goods from the east harder to get, more expensive ► Fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Turks in 1453 was a major block to trade

16. Spain ► 1492—Columbus convinces Spain to support travel to Asia. ► Discovered America and opens up to colonization and exploration. ► 1493—pope divides lands between Spain and Portugal ► Agreement formalized by Treaty of Tordesillas

17. Trading Empire in Indian Ocean ► 1509-1511— ► Portugal defeats Muslims, takes over Indian Ocean Trade. ► Captures Goa, port city in western India ► Seizes Malacca on Malay Peninsula ► These gains break Muslim-Italian hold on Asian trade.

18. Trading Empire in Indian Ocean ► English & Dutch begin moving into Asia ► Dutch have more ships ► Weaken Portuguese control over Asia ► Overpower English ► Form Dutch East India Company for Asian Trade ► Throughout 1600’s Dutch trade grows ► East India Company grows.