3. The mitochondria are the engines of our cells where sugar is burned for fuel and the exhaust is CO 2 and H 2 O.

4. What molecule do all organisms use to temporarily store energy? A PPP High Energy Bond

5. A P P P Adenosine Triphosphate Adenosine Diphosphate + phosphate

7. ATP ADP

8. ATP – ADP Energy Cycle in the Cell Cellular Respiration breaks down Glucose and releases Cell Activities ADP ATP P Energy Energy used for: ATP Synthase + Muscle Contractions Respiration Nerve impulses Dehydration Synthesis Hydrolysis

9. C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 6CO 2 +6H 2 O +36ATP (Muscles) (Bacteria & Yeast) C 6 H 12 O 6 2Lactic Acids + 2ATP C 6 H 12 O 6 2Ethyl Alcohols + 2CO 2 + 2ATP Enzymes

10. Step 1 Step 2 Glycolysis FermentationKrebs Cycle

12. C 6 H 12 O 6 +2ATP2Pyruvic Acids+4ATP Enzymes Net Gain of ATP = **Occurs in Cytoplasm** (Splitting of Glucose) **Anaerobic and Aerobic Respiration**

13. Glycolysis:

14. Oxygen not available 2Pyruvic Acids 2Ethyl Alcohols+ 2CO 2 (Muscles) (Bacteria & Yeast) 2Pyruvic Acids2Lactic Acids Enzymes

15. Aerobic Respiration **Oxygen is available** 2Pyruvic Acids+6O 2 6CO 2 +6H 2 O+32ATP Enzymes **Occurs in mitochondria** Also called citric acid cycle

16. Step 1 Step 2 Glycolysis FermentationKreb Cycle 2ATP 0 ATP 2ATP 34ATP Total 2ATP 36ATP

17. - Cheese - Buttermilk - Yogurt - Alcoholic Beverages - Bread

18. Oxygen RequiredNo Oxygen Required Occurs in Mitochondria Occurs in Cytoplasm 36 ATP/glucose 2 ATP/glucose

19. Linked Processes Photosynthesis Energy-storing pathway Releases oxygen Requires carbon dioxide Aerobic Respiration Energy-releasing pathway Requires oxygen Releases carbon dioxide

20. Food: Photosynthesis Food: Ingestion Energy: Respiration Use ATP to maintain homeostasis Use ATP to maintain homeostasis Use CO 2 Release CO 2 as waste Release O 2 as waste Use O 2 Release CO 2 as waste

21. Respiration vs. Photosynthesis