1. Cellular Respiration Respiration is the process of breaking down food molecules to release energy. Respiration is the process of breaking down food molecules to release energy. What is an aerobic process? What is an aerobic process? Requires oxygen in order to release energy Requires oxygen in order to release energy What is an anaerobic or fermentation process? What is an anaerobic or fermentation process? Doesn’t require oxygen to take place Doesn’t require oxygen to take place Glycolysis is the first stage in respiration Glycolysis is the first stage in respiration 1 molecule of glucose is broken down into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid. 1 molecule of glucose is broken down into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid.

2. Fermentation Process Fermentation is carried out by releasing energy without oxygen. Fermentation is carried out by releasing energy without oxygen. 1. Lactic acid fermentation 1. Lactic acid fermentation Lactic acid forms Lactic acid forms Done when your muscles require more energy than you can produce. Muscle soreness. Done when your muscles require more energy than you can produce. Muscle soreness. 2. Alcoholic fermentation 2. Alcoholic fermentation Forms ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide Forms ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide The process is done by bacteria, fungi, and yeast. Examples??? The process is done by bacteria, fungi, and yeast. Examples???

3. Aerobic respiration produces 38 or 36 ATP molecules. Aerobic respiration produces 38 or 36 ATP molecules. Anaerobic respiration produces only 2 ATP molecules. Anaerobic respiration produces only 2 ATP molecules. Aerobic respiration is much more efficient in producing energy. This is with oxygen. Aerobic respiration is much more efficient in producing energy. This is with oxygen.

4. Basics of Anaerobic Pathways Pg. 128 (fig. 7-2) – Occurs in the cytosol. Pg. 128 (fig. 7-2) – Occurs in the cytosol. Glucose to 2 molecules of Pyruvic Acid by Glycolysis (4 steps). Glucose to 2 molecules of Pyruvic Acid by Glycolysis (4 steps). 2 ATP used to get 4 ATP when pyruvic acid is formed. This makes a net total of 2 ATP in return. 2 ATP used to get 4 ATP when pyruvic acid is formed. This makes a net total of 2 ATP in return. From here the pyruvic acid can be converted to lactic acid by an enzyme if no oxygen is provided. From here the pyruvic acid can be converted to lactic acid by an enzyme if no oxygen is provided. Lactic Acid Fermentation Lactic Acid Fermentation Also, pyruvic acid can be converted to ethyl alcohol if no oxygen is provided. Also, pyruvic acid can be converted to ethyl alcohol if no oxygen is provided. Alcoholic Fermentation Alcoholic Fermentation

5. Basics of Aerobic Pathways First, Glucose to 2 molecules of Pyruvic Acid by Glycolysis (4 steps). Next is the Krebs Cycle. First, Glucose to 2 molecules of Pyruvic Acid by Glycolysis (4 steps). Next is the Krebs Cycle. Pg. 135  Krebs Cycle (5 steps) – occurs in the mitochondria. Pg. 135  Krebs Cycle (5 steps) – occurs in the mitochondria. Finally, the Electron Transport Chain, which makes ATP from the NADH & FADH2 of the Krebs Cycle. Finally, the Electron Transport Chain, which makes ATP from the NADH & FADH2 of the Krebs Cycle. Pg. 136 & 137 Pg. 136 & 137 38 ATP are produced, counting the 2 ATP from glycolysis. 38 ATP are produced, counting the 2 ATP from glycolysis. Video – cellular respiration Video – cellular respiration Video