1. Cellular Respiration

2. Cellular Respiration
The process by which the mitochondria breaks down glucose to produce ATP is called cellular respiration.
C6H12O O2  6CO2 + 6H2O

3. Cellular Respiration
Energy is in the form of an ATP molecule. In order to make ATP, we must take in oxygen, and glucose. Our bodies convert oxygen and glucose to ATP in the mitochondria. As a byproduct, we release carbon dioxide, water and HEAT.

4. Cellular Respiration
When the body has oxygen, aerobic respiration can take place and produce 38 energy molecules.
There are 3 stages of aerobic respiration:
Glycolysis
Citric acid cycle (Kreb’s Cycle)
Electron transport chain

5. Glycolysis Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell.
The net gain of ATP molecules in glycolysis is 2 ATP molecules.

6. Glycolysis
Glycolysis is the process where glucose is broken down in 2 pyruvic acid molecules.
Following glycolysis, the pyruvic acid moves into the mitochondria.
Pyruvic acid

7. The Citric Acid Cycle Kreb’s cycle
AKA
Kreb’s cycle
Pyruvic acid enters the citric acid cycle and becomes broken down. As this occurs, 2 carbon dioxide molecules are released.
In addition, 2 ATP molecules are released.

8. The Electron Transport Chain
The last step of respiration is the electron transport chain or ETC.
In the presence of oxygen, the electron transport chain will produce 34 ATP molecules and water.
The grand total of ATP molecules released from AEROBIC respiration is 38. 38 38 38 38

9. Anaerobic Respiration
AKA
Fermentation
There are times, such as during heavy exercise, when your cells are without oxygen for a short period of time. When this happens, anaerobic respiration is taking place.
In anaerobic respiration, the first step of respiration will take place; however, the Kreb’s Cycle and ETC will not take place.
The grand total of ATP molecules released will be 2.

10. Types of Anaerobic Respiration
When our cells run out of oxygen and begin fermentation, we build up lactic acid. That lactic acid build up in the muscle makes us feel a cramp.
C6H12O6  ATP + lactic acid
Lactic Acid Fermentation

11. Types of Anaerobic Respiration
Some bacteria also undergo fermentation. They release ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide.
C6H12O6  ATP + CO2 + ethyl alcohol
This process is key for the bacteria that create wine and apple juice.
Yeast also undergo this type of fermentation when making bread.
Alcoholic Fermentation

12. Anaerobic vs. Aerobic Respiration

13. Comparing Photosynthesis and Respiration
Glucose made
Light energy required
ATP broken down in 2nd phase of p.s.
CO2 taken in
O2 released
Needs water
Takes place in chloroplast
Takes place in autotrophs
Glucose broken down
Light is not required
Energy created in ATP
CO2 released
O2 taken in
Water released
Takes place in mitochondria
Require use of ATP molecules
Take place in plants
Necessary to sustain all life on earth