1. The DeHg  Process for Treating Mercury Mixed Waste NEWMOA Breaking the Mercury Cycle: Long-Term Management of Surplus & Recycled Mercury And Mercury-Bearing Waste Boston, MA May 1-3, 2002 NUCLEAR FUEL SERVICES, INC.

2. May 1-3, 2002Nuclear Fuel Services, Inc.2 Outline of Presentation NFS Overview Origin of NFS DeHg ® Process Application History Process Overview Summary

3. May 1-3, 2002Nuclear Fuel Services, Inc.3 NFS Focus Areas Nuclear Fuel Production High-Enriched Uranium Recovery/Conversion Decommissioning and Decontamination (D&D) Environmental Services Process Development/Metals Recovery Mercury Mixed Waste Treatability/Treatment

4. May 1-3, 2002Nuclear Fuel Services, Inc.4 DeHg ® (DEE-merc) Mercury Amalgamation/Stabilization Process Developed 1991 for NFS Mercury Mixed Waste Deployed 1995 for Hg Mixed Waste Treatment Continuous Improvement Through Testing, Demonstrations and Treatment, January 1995 - present Performed at Ambient Temperature Stabilizes Variety of RCRA Metals Meets LDR/UTS

5. May 1-3, 2002Nuclear Fuel Services, Inc.5 DeHg ® Applications Wide Variety of Matrices  Elemental Hg  Soils & Sludges  Aqueous & Organic Liq.  Shreddable Debris  Non-Shreddable Debris  IX Resins  Salts & Solidified Forms Various Chemical Species  Oxide  Chloride  Iodide  Cyanide  Thiocyanate  Organo (Ph-HgCl)  Elemental

6. May 1-3, 2002Nuclear Fuel Services, Inc.6 Experience Chart Pinellas Fernald USEC Radiopharmaceutical A,B LANL ETTP (HgWG) INEEL (HgWG) Commercial Fuel 300 kg Treatment, Treatability Demonstrations 1995 - present Elemental HgSoils/SedimentsDebris Fernald USEC LANL Radiopharmaceutical A Commercial Fuel Commercial D&D A PORTS IX (HgWG) Speciation (HgWG) Chlor-Alkali (2) BNL (HgWG) Commercial D&D A Aqueous, Organic, Oil Pinellas INEEL VFL/LEFPC Wastewater 11,000 kg10,000 kg202,000 kg

7. May 1-3, 2002Nuclear Fuel Services, Inc.7 Experience Summary Various Matrices, Generators and Chemical Forms Nuclear and Chemical Industries Permitted for Treatment  Tennessee, Washington & Utah (DET for >260ppm) Final Forms Disposed at Three (3) Sites  LANL  Chem Nuclear/Barnwell  Envirocare of Utah

8. May 1-3, 2002Nuclear Fuel Services, Inc.8 Mercury Species Stabilization - 260 ppm Soils

9. May 1-3, 2002Nuclear Fuel Services, Inc.9 Hg and RCRA Metals Stabilization Spent Anion IX Resin

10. May 1-3, 2002Nuclear Fuel Services, Inc.10 DeHg  Amalgamation Pharmaceutical Mercury with Tritium Metal TCLP mg/L Final Waste Form Arsenic<0.0006 Barium0.01 Cadmium<0.0007 Chromium0.04 Copper0.007 Lead0.0005 Mercury0.001 Nickel0.002 Selenium0.009 Silver<0.001 Zinc0.01

11. May 1-3, 2002Nuclear Fuel Services, Inc.11 Soil Stabilization >260ppm UTS = 0.025 mg/L TCLP

12. May 1-3, 2002Nuclear Fuel Services, Inc.12 DeHg   Deployment Lifecycle Characterization  Form, Contaminants, Size, Quantity Treatability  Formulation and Processing Approach Treatment / Processing Certified Assays and Disposal

13. May 1-3, 2002Nuclear Fuel Services, Inc.13 Testing Enclosure

14. May 1-3, 2002Nuclear Fuel Services, Inc.14 Stabilization Reactor

15. May 1-3, 2002Nuclear Fuel Services, Inc.15 Mercury Analyzer

16. May 1-3, 2002Nuclear Fuel Services, Inc.16 DeHg  Process Deployment Preprocessing (Off-The-Shelf Equipment)  Shredders, Sprayers  Ambient Temperature Processing (Off-The-Shelf Equipment)  Ribbon Blenders, Pug Mills, Reaction Vessels, etc.  Ambient Temperature Reagents  Formulated and Applied Dry or Wet  As Low as $50/ton

17. May 1-3, 2002Nuclear Fuel Services, Inc.17 Approach In-Situ Remediation Ex-Situ Remediation Elemental Hg (condensed) Solutions Precipitates Secondary Technology (ies) Soils Elemental Hg (condensed) Raw Soil Residuals Secondary DeHg® Amalgamation/Stabilization DeHg® Amalgamation/Stabilization Vacuum Extraction, Direct StabilizationThermal, Direct Stabilization Matrices Stream Treatment Profiling/Disposition

18. May 1-3, 2002Nuclear Fuel Services, Inc.18 Aging Study Various Mercury Waste Forms Initiated Program to Archive Treated Waste Forms for Long-Term Stability Study Elemental Hg Amalgam Soil w/ >260 ppm Hg (MER03) Debris w/ Elemental Hg (>260 ppm) Surrogate Soil w/ >5,000 ppm Hg (MER04)

19. May 1-3, 2002Nuclear Fuel Services, Inc.19 Summary DeHg ® Is an ambient temperature process Deals effectively with a wide variety of matrices Has been continuously improved to amalgamate DOE elemental Hg and stabilize solid mixed wastes and other RCRA metals Consistently achieves UTS Gives DOE adaptable approach to remediate soils, sludges, DAW, equipment, bulk elemental and other orphaned HgMW Aging studies show excellent stability Has been permitted for treatment at four (4) locations (three [3] States) and has received a variance (DET) for >260ppm Is an ongoing program of process improvement Shows potential application in reducing coal-fired plant stack emissions