1. Industrial Revolution
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Industrial Revolution
EQ: What was the Industrial Revolution?

2. Industrial Revolution Vocabulary
Flashcards
Quiz
Industrial Rev in England

4. Communism Bourgeoisies
The middle class, typically with reference to its perceived materialistic values or conventional attitudes.
Communism
A way of organizing a society in which the government owns the things that are used to make and transport products (such as land, oil, factories, ships, etc.) and there is no privately owned property.

5. Proletariat
Workers or working-class people, regarded collectively (often used with reference to Marxism).
A class of wage earners, especially those who earn their living by manual labor or who are dependent for support on daily or casual employment; the working class.

6. Tenements
A room or a set of rooms forming a separate residence within a house or block of apartments.
a house divided into and rented out as separate residences, esp. one that is run-down and overcrowded.
noun: tenement house; plural noun: tenement houses
2. A piece of land held by an owner.

7. Communism
As first set out by Karl Marx is a system of government where the traditional ruling classes have been overthrown by revolution and the workers rule... with total equality, total democracy, and no oppression by the bourgeoisie.

8. A manufacturing method for a standardized product or products in which fixed capital, raw material, and labor operations are centralized and sophisticated machinery is often used
Factory System

9. Why did Factories Develop?
Machines became too large and expensive for home use.
Workers and machines were brought together in one place in factories, working under managers.
Workers could share skills.
Factories provided a better organized and less costly way to produce large amounts of goods.

10. A manufacturing system whereby workers make products in their own homes with materials supplied by entrepreneurs.
Domestic
System
A system of manufacturing based upon work done at home on materials supplied by merchant employers —contrasted with factory system.

11. A social or economic system built on manufacturing industries.
Industrialism
An economic organization of society built largely on mechanized industry rather than agriculture, craftsmanship, or commerce.

12. An organization of workers formed to protect the rights and interests of its members
Labor Union
An organization of workers formed for the purpose of advancing its members' interests in respect to wages, benefits, and working conditions

13. EQ What is the Industrial Revolution?
How did Scientific and Technological Changes bring about social, economic, and cultural changes during the Industrial ? EQ

14. It officially began in England
When
Where
The 18th and 19th centuries
It officially began in England
By the late 1800s, the Industrial Revolution was in full swing in Germany, the United States, Japan, and Russia
England was the world’s first industrialized country and the world’s first capitalist economy
By 1850, the Industrial Revolution began spreading to Western Europe and the United States

15. What It was an economic and social revolution
Economic changes transformed the way people worked… the societies in which they lived
There were seismic changes in industry and society. The changes were caused by the introduction and large-scale use of machinery to replace hand labor
New technology allowed for the rise of the factory system
What

16. Why
Why do they call it a “Revolution”?
The Industrial Revolution is more than just technology; it was a major turning point in World History.
The Industrial Revolution had a bigger impact than the American and French Revolutions
The industrial Revolution was the most far-reaching transformation of society since the beginning of farming 10,000 years ago

17. How All that machinery in factories … how was that machinery powered?
By new fuels:
Coal
Coal produced steam – Steam Engine
By old fuel ”The Watermill”
At the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, factories were run by watermills.
That is, a factory was always located next to a river. The machines were run by waterpower)
How

18. Food - You must have a surplus of food
The Agricultural Revolution, 1700s
Improved farming techniques like crop rotation
Price of food was low, so people could afford manufactured goods.
People didn’t have to farm, go to work in cities.
Why in
England

19. You must have a great accumulation of cash
The Commercial Revolution, 1700s
This was trade, The British accumulated great wealth.
England had
Capital

20. The labor force must be large The Population Explosion
England had
A Labor Force
The labor force must be large
The Population Explosion
From 1750 to 1850, the British population tripled
More food led to more children; better sanitation led to drop in death rate
Abundant labor supply to mine coal and run factories.

21. Why In England? Britain’s population grew rapidly in the 1700’s
People had better food, better health, and lived longer.
Changes in farming help to increase the supply of industry workers.

22. Natural
Resources
You must have coal and iron mines already in operation
Industrial Revolution was driven by coal > steam
The first factories were built near the coal mines
The first factories were textiles mills
The first factory workers were women and children
Two important industries were coal (to run machinery) and iron (to make machinery)

23. Coal mining became a major industry.
Steel and Iron
Henry Cort discovered a way to use coal to turn iron ore into pure iron. Iron production grew.
Henry Bessemer made a less costly way to turn iron into steel.
Steel was excellent to making machinery. Soon mining towns and steel centers grew.

24. Technology You must have new technology, such as the steam engine
The Scientific Revolution, 1600s
The Royal Society of London encouraged scientific discoveries
During the 1700s, inventors and innovators stepped forward to invent solutions to practice problems
In 1769, James Watt perfected the steam engine

25. There were three major changes: a. Population growth
During the Industrial Revolution, what happened to the population of Great Britain?
There were three major changes:
a. Population growth
b. Rural to urban migration
c. The growth of industrial cities
We are going to explore each change.

26. The population triples
For centuries, England’s population hovered between 2 and 6 million.
During the century from 1750 to 1850, the population tripled - to 21 million.
This was a result of the Agricultural Revolution of the 1700s: More food!
POPULATION Growth

27. Summary