2. O BJECTIVE O F S OIL A ND W ATER C ONSERVATION

3. C ONSERVATION The preservation and careful management of the environment and of natural resources.

4. Soil Conservation Protection of soil against erosion or deterioration. Water Conservation Water conservation refers to reducing the usage of water and recycling of waste water for different purposes such as cleaning, manufacture, and agricultural irrigation.

5. SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION In a predominantly agricultural system, the objective of improving the productivity, profitability and prosperity of the farmers and achieving agricultural development on an ecologically sustainable basis can be attained only when conservation, development and management of the land and water resources are assured.

6. W HY SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION Land and water is a natural resource Land provides food, fuel, fodder and shelter Depletion of land resources and the quality of land Soil erosion cont…

7. W HY SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION It takes nature 600-1000 years to build 2.5 cm of top soil but get displaced in a year due to misuse, as a result it become the harmful single factor in the deterioration of productive land. It has been proved that soil lost from unprotected land is about 120 tons ha-1 yr-1 and may go as high as 300 tons ha-1 yr-1.

8. O BJECTIVE OF S OIL C ONSERVATION Enhancing and sustaining productivity Generating additional employment opportunities Increase income through secured livelihood in rural areas. Maintaining beneficial relationship between land and water cycles and moderate hazards of droughts and flood. cont…

9. O BJECTIVE OF S OIL C ONSERVATION Retarding Watershed degradation caused by Deforestation, Soil erosion, Land degradation Hydrologic deterioration of the watersheds. Locating, reclaiming and developing cultivable wastelands,

10. O BJECTIVE OF WATER CONSERVATION Sustainability: To ensure availability for future generations. Energy conservation: Water pumping, delivery, and waste water treatment facilities consume a significant amount of energy cont…

11. O BJECTIVE OF WATER CONSERVATION Habitat conservation: Minimizing human water use helps to preserve fresh water habitats for local wildlife and migrating waterfowl, as well as reducing the need to build new dams and other water diversion infrastructure.

12. RECOMMENDATIONS Water conservation programs are typically initiated at the local level, by either municipal water utilities or regional governments. Common strategies include public outreach campaigns, tiered water rates (charging progressively higher prices as water use increases), or restrictions on outdoor water use such as lawn watering and car washing. cont…

13. RECOMMENDATIONS Cities in dry climates often require or encourage the installation of natural landscaping in new homes to reduce outdoor water usage. Environmental Protection Agency estimates that metering alone can reduce consumption of water 20 to 40 percent. In addition to raising consumer awareness of their water use. cont…

14. RECOMMENDATIONS Some researchers have suggested that water conservation efforts should be primarily directed at farmers, in light of the fact that crop irrigation accounts for 70% of the world's fresh water use. Create awareness among farmers for efficient use of water Force farmers to grow more water-efficient crops and adopt less wasteful irrigation techniques

15. CONCLUSION Pakistan is one of the countries suffering from most serious soil and water loss. 1. Need to explore the law of soil and water loss, which has laid basis for erosion control. 2. Adheres to take large rivers as the diaphysis and small-watersheds as the basic unit to implement integrated management for the mountain, water, forest and roads. Such projects have produced significant results. cont…

16. CONCLUSION 3. “National Guidelines for Ecological and Environmental Protection”, which outlined the master plan for soil and water conservation and ecological improvement. 4. Major ecological improvement projects as key of soil and water conservation sites, transformation of sloping farmland into forestry, sand prevention Great achievement has taken place in soil and water conservation, as shown in four aspects.

17. T HANKS