1. Human-environment Interaction
Chapter 12, Section 3

2. Vocabulary
Dike
Polder
Seaworks
Terpen

3. A Human Perspective
1800 DIE IN WIND WHIPPED WATERS headline from Feb 1, 1953
High winds ( MPH and high waves ripped open a dike
4.5% of Holland’s land was under water
It is prone to floods, be4cause much of it is under sea level.

4. Polders: Land from the Sea
Seaworks
Dikes
Terpen
Windmillselectric motors
Transforming the sea
Zuider ZeeIjsselmeer
Why do you think they could do this in 1667?
At least 40% of Holland is land reclaimed from the sea, a POLDER
Seaworks is a term for structures built to control the sea’s impact on life in Holland.
Dikes, dams that hold back the sea, and terpen “safety zones” for people and livestock in case of a flood
The first pumps used were the famous windmills; today they use electric motors.
Proposed in 1667, but completed in the 1900s, the Dutch built a dike across the whole entrance to the Zuider Zee
What was once an arm of the North Sea is now a freshwater lake (Ijsselmeer, surrounded by several polders.

5. Waterways for Commerce
Venice
Shelter to Major Port
Built on pilings
Deforestation
That sinking feeling…
Venice Italy, a city consisting of 120 islands are crisscrossed by canals.
To get around in Venice, you take a boat or walk.
Venice began as a place that people took shelter from invaders, but its situation, located at the head of the Adriatic Sea made it a good location for a port and became important during the Crusades.
They built upon pilings driven deep into the mud, deforest large areas of Italy and Slovenia in the process
Over years, the weight of the buildings has compacted the land.

6. Rising water, sinking land Structural damage
Increased seawater in lagoon
Damage to artwork and buildings
Agricultural run-off causes algae
Die-off stinks
This, combined with a rising sea level has caused flooding in recent years.
Additional problems include water pollution damages the buildings’ foundations and agricultural run-off adds algae to the water, causing a die-off of fish and stinking (Smells like low tide.)

7. A Century’s old Problem: Deforestation
Why deforestation?
Field clearing
Wood for fuel
Building material for ships and houses
Charcoal for the Industrial Revolution
Acid rain further damaging forests
Why would restoring a forest be a slow process?
Deforestation means cutting trees at a rate faster than they grow back.
In Europe people have been cutting down the forest s since ancient times.
Clear for fields
Wood for fuel
Building material for ships and houses
When made into charcoal was the first fuel for the Industrial Revolution
We’ve found that acid rain is also depleting the forests
Starts in one area and damages another

8. 7. About what percent of Holland was once under the sea? a. 5% b. 10% c. 25% d. 40%

9. 8. What are some of the problems faced by the people of Venice. a
8. What are some of the problems faced by the people of Venice? a. Oh, Culver City is way cooler b. The land is sinking c. The sea is rising d. all of the above

10. 9. What causes acid rain?
a. Factory emissions
b. Deforestation
c. Airplane exhaust
d. It is the angels crying