1. Human-Environment Interaction in Europe
Ch Notes

2. Polders: Land from the Sea
Dikes-earthen banks
40% of the Netherlands was once under water
Polder-land that is reclaimed by diking and draining

4. Seaworks
Structures that are used to control the sea’s destructive impact on human life
Windmills used to power
pumps that drained
the land

6. Waterways for Commerce: Venice’s Canals
Venice, Italy-120 small islands and part of the mainland
The Grand Canal flows between them

7. 150 canals are used
Transportation: Boat or walk
Became a port city, trade helped city grow

9. Problems
Weight of buildings compressed the land-Venice is gradually sinking
Flooding-rising sea levels
Water pollution damages foundations

10. Flood in Venice December 1, 2008

11. Deforestation Clearing of forest from an area
One cause of tree death is acid rain
Factories produce high amounts of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide emissions
This combines with
water vapor to
form acid rain
or snow