1. Play and Sport 10/24/20151 Play and its Meaning Why we love it so.... Sharon Kay Stoll, Ph.D. Center for ETHICS* University of Idaho

2. Play and Sport 10/24/20152 Play by Drew Hyland................... n Play is one of those phenomena where we again and again achieve that sense of totality, that intimation of complement...ground in the very stance of play itself which I have called responsive openness. Dr. Hyland played basketball at Princeton with Bill Bradley

3. Play and Sport 10/24/20153 Play by Jonathan Levy............... n Play is necessary to affirm our lives. It is through experiencing play that we answer the puzzle of our existence, to be free, and therefore to know play (know oneself) means to realize the supreme importance and utter significance of our existence.

4. Play and Sport 10/24/20154 Play by Michael Novak..... n The basic reality of all human life is play, games, and sport. These are the realities for which the basic metaphors for all that is important in the rest of life are drawn. Wrote Joy of Sport, important voice of social issues -

5. Play and Sport 10/24/20155 Novak continued.......... n Work, politics, history are illusory, misleading, and false. Being, beauty, truth, excellence, transcendence --- these words, grown in the soil of play wither in the sand of work. Art, prayer, worship, love, civilization...these thrive on the field of play....Joy of Sport

6. Play and Sport 10/24/20156 Play by David Roochnik....... n Play is a Mode of Being... A way of confronting oneself..of approaching and extending to the world. Philosopher, Boston University

7. Play and Sport 10/24/20157 Play....literal Meaning

8. Play and Sport 10/24/20158 Paedeia..... n Of or relating to a child...child like play, having no purpose other than play..

9. Play and Sport 10/24/20159 Ludus.... n Structured Play...having the elements of rules and limits.......

10. Play and Sport 10/24/201510 Play as defined by..Huizinga....... n Free and Voluntary n Spatially and temporally separate n Uncertain in its outcome n Unproductive in a utilitarian sense n Has a make believe quality of ordinary life.

11. Play and Sport 10/24/201511 A Diagram...

12. Play and Sport 10/24/201512 A Diagram...

13. Play and Sport 10/24/201513 Terminology.....according to Carolyn Thomas.... n Nike - The winged goddess of victory n Agon - Struggle, the contest...two or more struggling. The difference is in the contesting rather than the testing in competition against a standard or object. n Sport - Sporten, to divert, to take away from. n Games - gamen (f), pleasure or amusement.

14. Play and Sport 10/24/201514 Terminology....more... n Agon - struggle of opponents... n Alea - (f), the game of chance...not knowing the ending, taking the chance n Ilinix - (g) seeking disequilibrium... n Mimicry - (f) imitation...seeking the state of pretending.

15. Play and Sport 10/24/201515 Terminology... n Competition....(L) to come together, to agree to do something...to seek or strive for something.

16. Play and Sport 10/24/201516 Competition... The seeking after something of value, to the exclusion of others, while following agreed upon rules. J ames Keating, Philosopher The seeking after something of value, to the exclusion of others, while following agreed upon rules. J ames Keating, Philosopher

17. Play and Sport 10/24/201517 Dance, Exercise Dance, …. n Expressive, space, form, movement n Intention is toward the experience rather than the outcome. n Performance is the key

18. Play and Sport 10/24/201518 What is Competition?

19. Play and Sport 10/24/201519 Games.......... n A Mental Competition.....? n Minimal Physical Acts.... n Rule Bound, organized, evaluative process n Participants in direct competition....

20. Play and Sport 10/24/201520 Games....according to Suits n “To play a game is to attempt to achieve a specific state of affairs [prelusory goal], using only means permitted by rules [lusory means], where the rules prohibit use of more efficient in favour of less efficient means [constitutive rules], and where the rules are accepted just because they make possible such activity [lusory attitude]. Bernard Suits,The Grasshopper: Games, Life and Utopia, 1978.

21. Play and Sport 10/24/201521 Sport - Sporten - To Divert n Free & Voluntary n Spatially and temporally separate n Uncertain in its outcome n Unproductive in a utilitarian sense n Has a make believe quality outside of ordinary life n Governed by rules n Organized n Criteria for evaluation

22. Play and Sport 10/24/201522 What is Competition?

23. Play and Sport 10/24/201523 CompetitionCompetition The one quality that has made America great...motivates to be discontented with status quo and being second best. The one quality that has made America great...motivates to be discontented with status quo and being second best.

24. Play and Sport 10/24/201524 Competition: The Expressive Function of Sport Distinguish Competition as it is actually carried out from Competition as it OUGHT to be carried out

25. Play and Sport 10/24/201525 Competition... A mutual quest for excellence through challenge Competition... A mutual quest for excellence through challenge Robert Simon

26. Play and Sport 10/24/201526 "Winning for player or spectator is not simply outscoring; it is a way of talking about betterment, about making oneself, one's fellows, one's city, one's adherents, more noble because of a temporary engagement of a higher human plane of existence." A. Bartlett Giamatti "Winning for player or spectator is not simply outscoring; it is a way of talking about betterment, about making oneself, one's fellows, one's city, one's adherents, more noble because of a temporary engagement of a higher human plane of existence." A. Bartlett Giamatti

27. Play and Sport 10/24/201527 Athletics - n Free & Voluntary n Spatially and temporally separate n Uncertain in its outcome n Unproductive in a utilitarian sense n Has a make believe quality outside of ordinary life n Governed by rules n Organized n Criteria for evaluation n Worklike quality n Outcomes drive importance

28. Play and Sport 10/24/201528 Two divergent views of competition.....

29. Play and Sport 10/24/201529 The Perception of Sport MoralNonmoral MOTIVES Good Bad Excellent PlayWin-At-All-Costs INTENTIONS Good Bad Deceitful Strategy Good Game Strategy ACTION RightWrong Purpose: Take out of game, do physical, emotional, mental harm. Purpose: Establish dominance through excellence SportsmanshipGamesmanship