1. The Evolving Open Policy Framework in the United States Heather Joseph Executive Director, SPARC 2 nd GeoData Meeting Boulder, CO June 17, 2014

2. US Government invests ~$60 billion on basic and applied scientific research.

3. Stimulate new ideas Accelerate scientific discovery Improve educational outcomes Fuel innovation Grow the economy/create jobs Improve the welfare of the public Expectation is that investment will:

4. This can only happen if we can access and use the results of this research.

5. Working theory is that policies that encourage open access to the results of this research will accelerate and significantly improve these expected outcomes.

6. Precedent

7. Sources of U.S. Information Policy Copyright Act (17 U.S.C. 105) Freedom of Information Act Paperwork Reduction Act Electronic FOIA Amendments, 1996 Gov’t Paperwork Elimination Act Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Circular No. A-130

8. “…Government information is a valuable national resource, and… the economic benefits to society are maximized when government information is available in a timely and equitable manner to all.” - OMB Circular A-130

9. “Open and unrestricted access to public information at no more than the cost of dissemination..” - OMB Circular A-130

10. Policy Focus

11. Public is entitled to access and use the results of research their tax dollars pay for.

12. Results = Articles & Data

13. Taken about a decade for policies supporting this statement to be developed, adopted and implemented.

14. Drivers

15. Policy Drivers Articles Grassroots scientific community Intermediaries (libraries, etc.) Activists – open government, patients advocates Key Leaders (NIH Director, Congress Mandates (Congress) Data Mandates (Executive Branch/WH) Top-level political leaders Agencies General public (citizen scientists, re-mixers, app developers ) Grassroots –scientific community (new evalaution metrics, reproducibility Data Mandates (Executive Branch/WH) Top-level political leaders Agencies General public (citizen scientists, re-mixers, app developers ) Grassroots –scientific community (new evalaution metrics, reproducibility

16. Top-Down Policy Leadership.

19. Current Policy Landscape

20. Components of Open Data Policies Investigators expected to share data at no more than incremental cost and within a reasonable time. Maximizing access maximizes benefits; default will be set to “Open” “Shades of Open for Data” - Exceptions will be the rule

21. Components of Open Data Policies Data management plans emerging as crucial element of policies Community involvement crucial - iterative process Data should be made available for reproducibility and reuse. Policies very weak on re-use rights; no requirements on licenses to date

22. Components of Open Data Policies Need to incentivize sharing data To ensure attribution, persistent identifiers should be implemented. Need for partnerships (public/private and beyond) explicitly recognized “Good Practices” will evolve into “Best Practices”

23. Data and Articles Are Connected

26. Thank You Heather Joseph Executive Director, SPARC 21 Dupont Circle, Ste. 800 Washington DC 20036 USA heather@arl.org heather@arl.org (202) 296-2296 http://www.arl.org/sparc http://www.arl.org/sparc