1. Blood Types & Donation Biology 11 Ms. Lowrie

2. Donation History 1667: –1 st blood transfusion (calf to human) –Treatment: ‘madness’ –Died 6 months later –What killed him?

3. Donation History 1670: –Law passed banning blood transfusions Trouble: –Blood = life-giving fluid –Would other traits be passed?

4. Donation History 1818: –1 st successful blood transfusion –Women lost blood during birth Gave husband’s blood 1825 – 1830: –10 more transfusions –50% success

5. Donation History By 1919: –Karl Landsteiner discovered blood groups Won 1930 Nobel Prize –Blood would clot if stored 1937: –First blood bank

6. Blood Types Antigens: –A type of glycoprotein –Act as identifying markers Found on RBC cell membrane

7. Blood Types Antibodies: –Found in plasma –Protect against foreign RBC antigens

8. Blood Types Incompatible blood types: –Antibodies attack antigens –Causes agglutination or coagulation (clotting) –RBCs cannot carry oxygen

9. Blood Types Hint: Antibodies are always opposite to antigens –Otherwise we would attack our own blood!

10. Blood Types AntigensAntibody Location- On red blood cell- In plasma Function- Cell identification - Looks for foreign antigens - Fights (if necessary) Examples Antigen AAntibody A Antigen BAntibody B

11. Blood Types Blood TypeABABO Diagram Antigen(s) on RBC Antibody(s) in plasma

12. ABO Blood Types Blood TypeABABO Diagram Antigen(s) on RBC ABA & BNone Antibody(s) in plasma Anti BAnti ANone Anti A & Anti B

13. Rh Factor Named after Rhesus monkeys Rh antigens present = Rh+ Rh antigens absent = Rh-

14. Rh Antibodies Natural antibodies DO NOT exist for Rh factor Are created in a Rh- person if they are exposed to Rh+ blood Exposed how?

15. +/- Blood Types AntigensAntibody Positive (Rh+) Rhnone Negative (Rh-) None Anti-Rh (if previously exposed)

16. Rh and Pregnancy Erythroblastosis Fetalis Serious condition Mother and baby blood is incompatible –Mother is Rh- –Baby is Rh+

17. First Rh+ Baby Mother and baby are fine –BUT during delivery blood mixes Mother is exposed to Rh+ blood –Will start to develop Rh antibodies

18. Second Rh+ Baby Problems arise!! Mother now has Rh antibodies –Antibodies attack baby's Rh antigens –Causes agglutination

19. What Happens??? Baby receives less oxygen and is born blue –“Blue babies” Good news: –Can be prevented/treated with medication

20. Questions???