1. Standard SSUSH5 Explain specific events and key ideas that brought about the United States Constitution. SSUSH5 Explain specific events and key ideas that brought about the United States Constitution.

2. Question of the Day During the American Revolution, the Battle of Long Island (August 1776) resulted in A) a British defeat, with Gen. Washington’s forces capturing Gen. Howe. A) a British defeat, with Gen. Washington’s forces capturing Gen. Howe. B) an American defeat, with Gen. Washington becoming a prisoner of war. B) an American defeat, with Gen. Washington becoming a prisoner of war. C) a British defeat, with Gen. Washington driving Cornwallis into the sea. C) a British defeat, with Gen. Washington driving Cornwallis into the sea. D) an American defeat, with Gen. Washington’s troops retreating to New Jersey. D) an American defeat, with Gen. Washington’s troops retreating to New Jersey.

3. The United States Constitution 1787 - 1791

4. The United States Treaty of Paris 1783 Treaty of Paris 1783 The 13 Colonies are now the United States of America The 13 Colonies are now the United States of America Britain leaves the colonies alone though they still own land in the Northwest Territory Britain leaves the colonies alone though they still own land in the Northwest Territory 1) The new nation now needed a government 1) The new nation now needed a government The Articles of Confederation was the first attempt at a government The Articles of Confederation was the first attempt at a government 1781 1781 It didn’t work It didn’t work

5. The Articles of Confederation First American Constitution – Adopted 1781 First American Constitution – Adopted 1781 A confederation A confederation “a friendship” between states “a friendship” between states WEAK WEAK

6. The Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation A) Congress could not enact and collect taxes A) Congress could not enact and collect taxes B) Congress could not regulate interstate or foreign trade B) Congress could not regulate interstate or foreign trade C) Each state had 1 vote regardless of population C) Each state had 1 vote regardless of population D) Articles could be amended (changed) only if all states approved D) Articles could be amended (changed) only if all states approved There was no executive branch to enforce laws There was no executive branch to enforce laws There was no national court system There was no national court system 13 states lacked unity 13 states lacked unity

7. The Need for a Strong Central Gov’t Revealed 3) Shays’ Rebellion 3) Shays’ Rebellion 4) Daniel Shays 4) Daniel Shays An angry Revolutionary War Veteran An angry Revolutionary War Veteran In heavy debt and faced prison In heavy debt and faced prison All the states were in debt and had no way to fix it All the states were in debt and had no way to fix it Federal Government – Needed more power Federal Government – Needed more power A convention was called to revise the Articles… A convention was called to revise the Articles…

8. The Constitutional Convention Philadelphia, PA - 1787

9. The Making of the Constitution 5) George Washington led the Convention 5) George Washington led the Convention 6) James Madison was also present (pictured) 6) James Madison was also present (pictured) 7) A strong central government was needed 7) A strong central government was needed Large states vs. small states Large states vs. small states 8) Large states wanted representation to be based on population. 8) Large states wanted representation to be based on population. Small states wanted every state to have equal say. Small states wanted every state to have equal say.

10. Ben Franklin and George Washington

11. The Purpose of the Constitution Provide a framework for American Government Provide a framework for American Government Created a strong, central, national government Created a strong, central, national government The Highest Authority in the United States The Highest Authority in the United States Law of the land (basic law) Law of the land (basic law) All powers of government come from it All powers of government come from it

12. The Great Compromise Roger Sherman Roger Sherman Came up with a compromise for both large and small states Came up with a compromise for both large and small states 9) Great Compromise 9) Great Compromise 10) House of Representatives – based on population 10) House of Representatives – based on population Senate – Every state was equal Senate – Every state was equal The Constitution The Constitution

13. Slavery in the Constitution 11) Slavery was an unfortunate part of our Constitution 11) Slavery was an unfortunate part of our Constitution 3/5 Compromise 3/5 Compromise 3/5 of a states slaves are counted as population 3/5 of a states slaves are counted as population 12) By 1808, the slave trade would be outlawed 12) By 1808, the slave trade would be outlawed

14. The Structure of the United States Government 1) A limited government 1) A limited government Separation of Powers Separation of Powers checks and balances checks and balances 2) Legislative Branch – makes laws 2) Legislative Branch – makes laws Executive Branch – carries out the laws Executive Branch – carries out the laws Judicial Branch – interprets and reviews the laws Judicial Branch – interprets and reviews the laws

15. The Great Debate 1) After being written, the new Constitution had to be ratified. 1) After being written, the new Constitution had to be ratified. 2) Federalists – supported it 2) Federalists – supported it A strong, central, national government that would keep states together A strong, central, national government that would keep states together 3) Anti-Federalists – did not support it 3) Anti-Federalists – did not support it They felt it lacked rights for the states and individuals They felt it lacked rights for the states and individuals 4) Alexander Hamilton – a huge supporter of the Constitution 4) Alexander Hamilton – a huge supporter of the Constitution Federalist Papers Federalist Papers

16. Alexander Hamilton

17. The First Amendment: Civil Liberties 1) The Bill of Rights 1) The Bill of Rights 2) Individual freedoms and civil liberties for US citizens. 2) Individual freedoms and civil liberties for US citizens. 3) 1789 3) 1789 5 basic freedoms 5 basic freedoms Freedom of Religion Freedom of Religion Freedom of Speech Freedom of Speech Freedom of Press Freedom of Press Freedom of Assembly Freedom of Assembly Freedom of Petition Freedom of Petition 4) James Madison 4) James Madison First 10 amendments First 10 amendments

18. 5) The Whiskey Rebellion - 1794 Took place during Washington’s term Took place during Washington’s term Congress put a tax on Whiskey in 1794 Congress put a tax on Whiskey in 1794 Caused an uprising Caused an uprising 6) It proved the new government worked. 6) It proved the new government worked. Federal troops led by Washington and Hamilton dispersed the rebellion Federal troops led by Washington and Hamilton dispersed the rebellion

19. The First Amendment: Civil Liberties Freedom of religion, speech, press, petition, and assembly Freedom of religion, speech, press, petition, and assembly

20. The Second Amendment: The Right to Bear Arms The right to keep and bear arms The right to keep and bear arms

21. Third Amendment: Housing Soldiers Freedom from quartering troops in homes Freedom from quartering troops in homes

22. Fourth Amendment: Search and Seizure Freedom from unreasonable searches and seizures; search warrants needed Freedom from unreasonable searches and seizures; search warrants needed

23. The Fifth Amendment: Due Process Rights of the accused, no “double jeopardy”, right to remain silent, due process of law, eminent domain Rights of the accused, no “double jeopardy”, right to remain silent, due process of law, eminent domain

24. The Sixth Amendment: Fair and Speedy Trial Right to a speedy and public trial by jury, be informed of charges, confront witnesses, and have an attorney Right to a speedy and public trial by jury, be informed of charges, confront witnesses, and have an attorney

25. The Seventh Amendment: Civil Suits Right to a trial by jury in civil law suits Right to a trial by jury in civil law suits

26. Eighth Amendment: Bail Freedom from excessive bail and cruel and unusual punishments Freedom from excessive bail and cruel and unusual punishments

27. Ninth Amendment: The Catch-all States that rights not listed in the Constitution are given to the people also States that rights not listed in the Constitution are given to the people also

28. The 10 th Amendment: Federalism Powers not given to the Federal gov’t by the Constitution belong to the people and the states Powers not given to the Federal gov’t by the Constitution belong to the people and the states

29. Study Guides So Far… 1) French-Indian War / Colonial Unrest 1) French-Indian War / Colonial Unrest 2) American Revolution 2) American Revolution 3) American Revolution Part II 3) American Revolution Part II 4) Constitution 4) Constitution