1. The 1920s I. Republican Leadership A. Warren G. Harding – election of 1920 – “return to normalcy” 1. Republican Conservative Economics and Business 2. Cabinet, Tariffs, Government’s limited role 3. Teapot Dome Scandal – recall Ballinger Pinchot Affair 4. Supreme Court Justices B. Be Cool with Coolidge – election of 1924 1. LaFollete runs for Progressives 2. Similar to Harding (see quotes p. 472 AMSCO) 3. Vetoes Farming aid 4. WWI bonuses not allowed  Bonus Army prelude… C. Hoover – election of 1928 1. “wets” Alfred E. Smith – Catholic Tammany Hall boss 2. “Poverty should be banished from the nation,” and he also said “everybody should be rich.” More on this later…

2. The 1920s II. Culture A. Roaring New Cultures, or a Continuation? 1. Jazz Age – Movies – Radio - Sports 2. The Harlem Renaissance 3. Women – Flappers – Activists – 4. Autos and Airplanes B. Religion in the decade 1. Modernism as a union of science and religion 2. Fundamentalism takes a blow in the Scopes Trial – 1925 3. The KKK is there to back it up…Nativism and Immigration laws too 4. Revivalists use the radio C. Literature and the Lost Generation 1. World War One effected these artists, and some of the finest American authors are these.

3. Foreign Policy III. Prelude to World War II? A. A Fiction of Isolationism? 1. League of Nations failure and neglect to World Court B. Arms Races and Disarmament – Peace? 1. Washington Conference 2. 5 and 4 and 9 Power Treaties 3. Loopholes and continued competition esp. in Pacific (Japanese American relations) C. Other Spheres of Influence and foreign relations 1. Latin America – interventions continued and discontinued 2. Oil Interests – Mexico and Middle East 3. Clark Memorandum 4. Dawes Plan – reparations 5. Kellogg Briand Pact 1928

4. The Great Depression and the New Deal I. Causes and (concise) Legacy A. Immediate Cause “the Crash” (1929) 1. Bull Market – artificial rises in stocks 2. Speculation and buying on margin 3. Oct. 29, 1929 was Black Tuesday (previous week Black Thursday) B. Long Term Causes 1. Weak Industries – cotton, railroad, and food 2. Overproduction – supply and demand 3. Uneven Distribution of Wealth 4. Banking problems 5. Government policy and global problems C. Effects - The Great Depression ended Republican domination, and created expanded government from New Deal policy. The nation was devastated and ALL social classes were affected to a large degree. Socially, economically and politically the nation changed radically.

5. Red Scare (of 1920s) 1917 Bolshevik Revolution Seattle General Strike Boston Police Strike Steel Strike UMW Strike Palmer Raids A. Mitchell Palmer, Attorney General Sacco and Vanzetti Trial KKK resurgence Immigration Act of 1921 And National Origins Act of 1924 Nativism Racism Socialists, Communists

6. Be Cool Coolidge, [Big Business] “trickle down theory” of tax policy Technology of economy Electricity in home: Refrigerators, stoves, vacuum cleaners...more Aluminum & Synthetics Assembly Lines Frederick W. Taylor and Scientific Management Henry Ford – Model T Airplane, Wright Bros. Kitty Hawk to Lindbergh Radio Movies The Great Train Robbery to Jazz Singer Welfare Capitalism Consumer Credit Buying on Margin

7. Dr. Sigmund Freud Margaret Sanger Flappers Equal Rights Amendment Alice Paul Jazz Age: Louis Armstrong Duke Ellington Harlem Renaissance Poets Langston Hughes, Claude McKay Marcus Garvey – UNIA Back to Africa Movement Lost Generation Gertrude Stein HL Mencken F Scott Fitzgerald Theodore Dreisler Ernest Hemingway William Faulkner TS Eliot Architect Frank Lloyd Wright – Guggenheim disillusionment