1. The New Deal I.Background II.Creating the Safety Net A.Relief B.Jobs C.Social insurance III.Union Legitimacy A.Norris-LaGuardia B.NRA C.Anti-Racketeering Law of 1933 D.NLRA IV.Response A.Workers B.Employers C.Constitutional Conflict

2. Values Public control –Economic morality –Progressivism SOL Frances Perkins Cooperation –End of individualism Experimentation –Emergency mentality

3. Public Works Administration Construction of the Triborough Bridge

4. Relief In 1933, Congress enacts $4.8B relief bill $1B per year 2% of GDP Relief line, San Antonio, TX, 1939

5. Civilian Conservation Corps Plant trees Build parks

6. Works Progress Administration Culture –Writers, artists, actors Promotes unions, Democratic policies

7. Social Insurance Old Age benefits Payroll tax

8. Norris-LaGuardia Precedes New Deal Passed in 1932 by new Congress –Democratic majority –Progressive Republicans Rep. Fiorello LaGuardia (R-NY) Sen. George Norris (R-NB) Declared labor’s right to organize Outlawed yellow dog contracts Barred federal judges from issuing labor injunctions “The Little Flower”

9. National Recovery Administration Economic Planning –Agricultural Adjustment Administration Industrial self-governance Right to join labor union—Section 7A

10. National Labor Relations Act Also known as the Wagner Act (1935) Encourage collective bargaining to stabilize wages Guarantees worker’s right to join a union NLRB –arbitrates –counts ballots Senator Robert Wagner (D-NY)

11. Anti-Racketeering Act of 1933 New legitimacy requires policymakers redefine criminality Federal, state, local campaign against racketeering ensues Word is vague AFL uses to establish itself as the source of legitimacy Al Capone, 1929

12. Workers Respond Progressive unions make big gains –United Mine Workers –Amalgamated Clothing Workers AFL confronts manufacturing –Federal locals –Automobile Toledo Auto-lite General strikes –Minneapolis –San Francisco Minneapolis teamsters fight police, 1934

13. Employers Rhetorical –Call NIRA fascism –Call Democrats “communists” Practical –Textiles James H. Rand, Jr. President of Remington-Rand, Inc. Cited for "wholesale violations" of NLRA

14. Constitutional Conflict Corporate manufacturers fund legal challenge USSC voids NIRA in 1935 Employers refuse to abide Wagner Act until court rules Jones & Laughlin case (1937) –Justice Roberts switches –Court upholds NLRA & federal economic regulation generally U.S. Supreme Court, 1932