1. ROOSEVELT AND THE NEW DEAL
Chapter 10

2. FDR….1st president to serve more than 2 terms!

3. Section 1: The First New Deal
Polio
Democrat
In 1928, ran for governor of NY…won reelection
In 1933, became president

4. 100 Days Unemployment continued to rise during the GD.
Americans feared he would abandoned the gold standard and reduce the value of the dollar
U.S. would have to stop exchanging dollar for gold.
Many decided to take the money out of the bank and convert it to gold.
Across the country many people stood in lines to withdraw their money
By 1933, 4,000 banks collapsed…in 38 states governors declared bank holidays (closing the banks before bank ran out of business)

6. The New Deal Begins
Roosevelt wanted to end the GD; however, had no idea how to end this period…
He depended on his advisers…(cabinet members)
He passed 15 acts to congress for approval…. This became known as New Deal.
On March 12, Roosevelt addressed the nation by radio….60 million people listened to his first of many ‘fireside chats”
He encourage people to have money in bank, the next days banks opened and people deposit their money back

7. FDIC and SEC Mortgage and Debt Relief
Security and Exchange Commission (SEC)- created to regulate stock market fraud.
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)- provide government insurance for bank deposit.
Home Owner’s Loan Corporation- helped those who were late in their mortgage.
Farm Credit- help farmers to stay out of bankruptcy

8. Relief Programs
Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)- offered unemployment young men to work on forestry; such as planting trees, fighting forest fires….
To prevent Dust Bowl planters planted about 200 million trees from north TX to North Dakota.
The CCC lasted until 1942 putting about 3 million people back to work.

9. Relief Programs
After the CCC, Congress established the Public Works Administration (PWA), employed people to build school., highways….
However, this did not reduce unemployment and the Civil Works Administration (CWA), was created to employed about 4 million people including 300,000 women….. Built/ improve 1,0000 airports, 40,0000 schools,3,500 playgrounds/parks…

10. Success of the First New Deal
1st New deal did not restored prosperity but in fact improve the economy…many people stayed at their farms/ homes

11. Section 2 The Second New Deal
Pre. Roosevelt was very popular during the first two years in office
His program created about 2 million new jobs but more than 10 million workers remain unemployed.
Roosevelt started deficit spending, he abandoned a balanced budget and began borrowing money for his programs.
However, he improved schools, colleges, hospitals, bridged….these improvements made him popular…..however he became corrupted.

12. WPA 2nd New Deal: WPA employed 8.5 million workers
One of the programs under WPA, Federal Number One financed artists, musicians, theaters people and writers to create murals, sculptures for public b buildings….

13. Wagner Act
National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act)- guaranteed workers the right to unionize and bargain collectively.
Also established the National labor Relations Board to determine if workers wanted to form and union.
Under this act, sit-down strikes, employers stopped work inside the factory and refused to leave.

14. Social Security
SS act, provided some financial security for older Americans, unemployed workers, and others.
Monthly retirement benefit people collected at the age of 65.

15. Section 3 the New Deal Coalition
In 1936, many people had jobs, houses, paid mortgages due to the New Deal Programs 
Women and African Americans had much more support thanks to the Eleanor Roosevelt.
Election of 1936
Republicans nominated Alfred Landon (Arkansas Gov)
Roosevelt won more than 60 percent
However, the Supreme Court saw the New Deal programs different and declared…Agricultural Adjustment Act unconstitutional.
In response, Pres. Roosevelt passed a bill in Congress to increase the # of justices.
Court-packing plan- the act of a leader to change the political balance of power in a nation’s judiciary system by appointing judges who will rule in favor of his or her policies.

16. Roosevelt Landon Election of 1936

17. Last New Deal Programs…
National Housing Act-established the US Housing Authority , this organization received about $500 million to builder to construct low cost housing.
Fair Labor Standards Act, abolished child labor, limited the workweek to 44 hrs, and set the first federal minimum wage at 0.25 cents an hr.
By 1939, New Deal programs came to an end.
New Deal did not end the Depression but did give Americans stronger sense of security and stability.
New Deal established broker state, in which government works out conflicts among different interests.