1. Robert E. Meyers CCNA, CCAI Youngstown State University Cisco Regional Academy Instructor Cisco Networking Academy Program Semester 3, v.2.1.2 Chapter 4: LAN Design Curriculum Review Youngstown State University Cisco Regional Academy

2. Robert E. Meyers CCNA, CCAI Youngstown State University Cisco Regional Academy Instructor Cisco Networking Academy Program Disclaimer  This presentation is intended for review purposes by Cisco Networking Academy Program teachers and students only.  This presentation is not a substitute for careful study of the Cisco Academy curriculum.  Most of the text and graphics included have been copied directly from the on-line curriculum, and remain the copyrighted property of Cisco Systems.

3. Robert E. Meyers CCNA, CCAI Youngstown State University Cisco Regional Academy Instructor Cisco Networking Academy Program Chapter 4 Learning Objectives  You will be able to: –Identify critical factors of LAN design necessary to ensure a fast and stable network. –Incorporate design features of functionality, scalability, adaptability and manageability. –Determine LAN segmentation needs, bandwidth, broadcast domains, and the best placement for servers. –Determine data traffic patterns for present and future growth. –Define Layer 1, 2 and 3 LAN requirements. –Provide documentation for the network.

4. Robert E. Meyers CCNA, CCAI Youngstown State University Cisco Regional Academy Instructor Cisco Networking Academy Program Contents  Part 1: LAN Design Goals & Components.  Part 2: Network Design Methodology  Part 3: Layer 1 Design  Part 4: Layer 2 Design  Part 5: Layer 3 Design  Part 6: Documentation

5. Robert E. Meyers CCNA, CCAI Youngstown State University Cisco Regional Academy Instructor Cisco Networking Academy Program Part 1 LAN Design Goals and Components

6. Robert E. Meyers CCNA, CCAI Youngstown State University Cisco Regional Academy Instructor Cisco Networking Academy Program LAN Design Goals  Functionality –The network must allow users to do their job with reasonable speed and reliability.  Scalability –It must be able to grow without major changes to the overall design.  Adaptability –It must be designed with an eye toward future technologies.  Manageability –It should facilitate network monitoring and management to ensure stability.

7. Robert E. Meyers CCNA, CCAI Youngstown State University Cisco Regional Academy Instructor Cisco Networking Academy Program Critical Components of LAN Design  Careful consideration must be given to: –Function and placement of Servers. –Collision detection. –Segmentation. –Bandwidth vs. Broadcast domains.

8. Robert E. Meyers CCNA, CCAI Youngstown State University Cisco Regional Academy Instructor Cisco Networking Academy Program Server Placement  Enterprise Servers –Support all the users on the network. e-mail. DNS, etc. –Placed in MDF.  Workgroup Servers –Supports a specific group of users. Application servers. File servers, etc. –Install in IDF closest to the workgroup.

9. Robert E. Meyers CCNA, CCAI Youngstown State University Cisco Regional Academy Instructor Cisco Networking Academy Program Collisions  Select and place devices on the LAN to: –Decrease contention for media access. –Decrease data collisions.  Excessive collisions reduce available BW. –Often by 35% to 40%. –Reduction in bandwidth can be fixed by segmenting the network.

10. Robert E. Meyers CCNA, CCAI Youngstown State University Cisco Regional Academy Instructor Cisco Networking Academy Program Broadcast Domains and Segmentation  Segmentation –Splitting one collision domain into 2 or more. –Use bridges or switches.  Broadcast domain –Bridges and switches do forward all broadcasts!

11. Robert E. Meyers CCNA, CCAI Youngstown State University Cisco Regional Academy Instructor Cisco Networking Academy Program Bandwidth vs. Broadcast Domains  Bandwidth Domain –Everything on one port of a bridge or switch. –It’s also a collision domain since all workstations compete for the same bandwidth.  A broadcast domain –Everything associated with one port on a router.

12. Robert E. Meyers CCNA, CCAI Youngstown State University Cisco Regional Academy Instructor Cisco Networking Academy Program Part 2 Network Design Methodology

13. Robert E. Meyers CCNA, CCAI Youngstown State University Cisco Regional Academy Instructor Cisco Networking Academy Program Gather Information  Analyze the users requirements. –Corporate structure. –Business flow. –Applications in use. –Current topology of any. –Performance of current network if any.

14. Robert E. Meyers CCNA, CCAI Youngstown State University Cisco Regional Academy Instructor Cisco Networking Academy Program Corporate Structure  Network users: –Who are they? –What is their level of skill? –What are their attitudes towards computers and applications?  Management: –Who in the organization has authority over addressing, naming, topology design, and configuration? –Is there an MIS department?

15. Robert E. Meyers CCNA, CCAI Youngstown State University Cisco Regional Academy Instructor Cisco Networking Academy Program Network Availability  Many things affect availability: –Actual data throughput. –Response time. –Access to resources. –User requirements. Data Video Applications, etc.

16. Robert E. Meyers CCNA, CCAI Youngstown State University Cisco Regional Academy Instructor Cisco Networking Academy Program Part 3 Layer 1 Design

17. Robert E. Meyers CCNA, CCAI Youngstown State University Cisco Regional Academy Instructor Cisco Networking Academy Program Network Topology  Star and Extended Star Topologies dominate modern Ethernet LAN installations.

18. Robert E. Meyers CCNA, CCAI Youngstown State University Cisco Regional Academy Instructor Cisco Networking Academy Program Layer 1 Design Issues  Physical cabling is one of the most important components. –Fiber-optic cable for the backbone and risers, –Category 5 UTP cable in the horizontal runs. –Conform to well-defined industry standards, such as the TIA/EIA-568-A, and 803.2 specifications.

19. Robert E. Meyers CCNA, CCAI Youngstown State University Cisco Regional Academy Instructor Cisco Networking Academy Program Main Distribution Facility  MDF wiring closet needs: –One or more horizontal cross-connect (HCC) patch panels. –HCC patch cables. –Networking devices such as routers, switches, bridges, hubs, etc.

20. Robert E. Meyers CCNA, CCAI Youngstown State University Cisco Regional Academy Instructor Cisco Networking Academy Program Intermediate Distribution Facility  IDF –Needed to extend 100-meter limit of Cat 5. –Creates multiple catchment areas. –Connected to MDF via vertical or backbone cabling. –Vertical cross connects used to connect all IDF’s to the MDF.

21. Robert E. Meyers CCNA, CCAI Youngstown State University Cisco Regional Academy Instructor Cisco Networking Academy Program Part 4 Layer 2 Design

22. Robert E. Meyers CCNA, CCAI Youngstown State University Cisco Regional Academy Instructor Cisco Networking Academy Program Layer 2 Devices Layer 2 Devices  Layer 2 devices provide: –Flow control. –Error detection. –Error correction. –Reduced network congestion.

23. Robert E. Meyers CCNA, CCAI Youngstown State University Cisco Regional Academy Instructor Cisco Networking Academy Program Asymmetric Switching  Design the LAN so that the highest BW port in on an asymmetric switch is used by: –Servers. –Backbone. –Uplink. –Vertical cabling.

24. Robert E. Meyers CCNA, CCAI Youngstown State University Cisco Regional Academy Instructor Cisco Networking Academy Program Segment with Switches  Segment in order to: –Eliminate collision domains. –Increase BW availability. –Reduce congestion.

25. Robert E. Meyers CCNA, CCAI Youngstown State University Cisco Regional Academy Instructor Cisco Networking Academy Program Cable Runs and Drops  VCC between IDF’s and MDF’s should be terminated in high BW switch ports.  Ports –User needs will dictate the number and placement of HCC and data ports.

26. Robert E. Meyers CCNA, CCAI Youngstown State University Cisco Regional Academy Instructor Cisco Networking Academy Program Collision Domain Size with Hubs  All hosts connected to a common hub share: –The same collision domain. –Bandwidth.

27. Robert E. Meyers CCNA, CCAI Youngstown State University Cisco Regional Academy Instructor Cisco Networking Academy Program Switch Collision Domains  When only one host is connected to one switch port, it is on it’s own collision domain.  The largest a pure switch collision domain can get is 2: –The sending host, and –The receiving host.

28. Robert E. Meyers CCNA, CCAI Youngstown State University Cisco Regional Academy Instructor Cisco Networking Academy Program Hubs in an Extended Star  Used to provide more connection points at the end of cable runs.  Keep them to a minimum to insure small collision domains and BW availability.

29. Robert E. Meyers CCNA, CCAI Youngstown State University Cisco Regional Academy Instructor Cisco Networking Academy Program Migrating from 10Mbps to 100Mbps  If properly designed for scalability, migration is easy. –“Dark” fiber optic cable now can be used.  Upgrading switches and NICS to 100Mbs connectivity requires no rewiring.

30. Robert E. Meyers CCNA, CCAI Youngstown State University Cisco Regional Academy Instructor Cisco Networking Academy Program Part 5 Layer 3 Design

31. Robert E. Meyers CCNA, CCAI Youngstown State University Cisco Regional Academy Instructor Cisco Networking Academy Program Layer 3 Devices  Routers must be used to segment broadcast domains.  Routers do not pass LAN based broadcast messages. –ARP. –RARP, etc.

32. Robert E. Meyers CCNA, CCAI Youngstown State University Cisco Regional Academy Instructor Cisco Networking Academy Program VLAN Communication  VLAN’s can create smaller broadcast domains. –Physical port assignments limit ARP requests to the VLAN assigned. –Routers determine traffic connectivity between VLAN’s.

33. Robert E. Meyers CCNA, CCAI Youngstown State University Cisco Regional Academy Instructor Cisco Networking Academy Program Routers and Scalability  Routers provide scalability because they serve as firewalls for broadcasts.  Layer 3 logical addressing contributes structure to the network.

34. Robert E. Meyers CCNA, CCAI Youngstown State University Cisco Regional Academy Instructor Cisco Networking Academy Program Part 6 Documentation

35. Robert E. Meyers CCNA, CCAI Youngstown State University Cisco Regional Academy Instructor Cisco Networking Academy Program Logical Topology Diagram  The LAN topology without all the detail of the cable installation path.  Include: –Exact MDF/IDF locations. –Type and quantity of VCC cables.

36. Robert E. Meyers CCNA, CCAI Youngstown State University Cisco Regional Academy Instructor Cisco Networking Academy Program Cut Sheet  Detailed documentation of all cable runs. –Include port numbers. –Termination point. –Status of the cable.

37. Robert E. Meyers CCNA, CCAI Youngstown State University Cisco Regional Academy Instructor Cisco Networking Academy Program Logical Addressing Maps  Document logical addressing by site and by the networks within the site.  A standard convention should be set for addressing important hosts such as servers.

38. Robert E. Meyers CCNA, CCAI Youngstown State University Cisco Regional Academy Instructor Cisco Networking Academy Program Addressing Maps  Addressing give an overall snapshot of the network.

39. Robert E. Meyers CCNA, CCAI Youngstown State University Cisco Regional Academy Instructor Cisco Networking Academy Program Physical map  Physical maps of the network help you troubleshoot that network.

40. Robert E. Meyers CCNA, CCAI Youngstown State University Cisco Regional Academy Instructor Cisco Networking Academy Program Summary  Proper LAN design is critical to future growth.  LAN design goals include: –Functionality –Scalability –Adaptability –Manageability  Design issues include: – function and placement of servers –Collision domains –Segmentation –Bandwidth

41. Robert E. Meyers CCNA, CCAI Youngstown State University Cisco Regional Academy Instructor Cisco Networking Academy Program Summary  LAN Design process includes: –Gathering user requirements and expectations. –Determining data traffic patterns now and in the future based on growth and server placement. –Defining all layer 1 – 3 devices. –Documenting the physical and logical network implementation.

42. Robert E. Meyers CCNA, CCAI Youngstown State University Cisco Regional Academy Instructor Cisco Networking Academy Program End