1. DNA Technology

2. Genetic engineering:
The application of molecular genetics for practical purposes
Examples:
Medicine (insulin)
Cures for disease
Gene therapy
Criminal cases
agriculture

3. Genetic engineering

4. DNA Fingerprinting
A pattern of bands made up of specific fragments of a person’s DNA
Banding patterns of DNA fragments are compared to establish relatedness
Can be used to solve crimes or prove paternity cases

5. DNA Fingerprinting Steps: (1) Collect sample & Isolate DNA
Only a small amount of tissue, like blood, hair, or skin, is needed. For example, the amount of DNA found at the root of one hair is usually sufficient

6. DNA Fingerprinting (2) DNA is cut using restriction enzymes
cut the DNA at specific places
For example, an enzyme called EcoR1, found in bacteria, will cut DNA only when the sequence GAATTC occurs

7. DNA Fingerprinting
(3) Fragments of DNA are separated using gel electrophoresis
Sorts according to size
Samples of DNA being compared are loaded into wells on gel
Electric current is run through gel
DNA is negatively charged and moves towards positive end of gel
Smaller DNA fragments move faster and will travel further along the gel

8. DNA Fingerprinting (4) Transfer of DNA to nylon (5) Probing
The distribution of DNA pieces is transferred to a nylon sheet by placing the sheet on the gel and soaking them overnight
(5) Probing
Adding radioactive or colored probes to the nylon sheet produces a pattern called the DNA fingerprint. Each probe typically sticks in only one or two specific places on the nylon sheet.

9. DNA Fingerprinting Trial:
(6) DNA fingerprints are compared
DNA Fingerprinting Trial: